C. I. T. Andhra Pradesh v. M/S. Vadde Pallaiah & Co.

llEGDE, J.-These are appeals by Special Leave. They arise from a common judgment of the Andhra Pradesh High Court in a reference under section 66(i) of the Indian Income Tax Act, 1922, to be hereinafter referred to as the "Act". The reference i.n question relates to the assessment of the assessee tor the assess-ment years 1954-55, 1955-56 and 19,6-57. 'I'he question of law referred by the Tribunal is "Whether on the facts and the cir-cumstances of the case, the assessm.ent Dll\(le on <the firms,. for each of the assessment years 1954-55, 1955-56 and 1956-57, are valid in law ?"

Now we shall set out the material facts as could be gathered from the case stated by the Triqunal. Up to and including the assessment year 1953-54 business with which we are concerned in this case, was carried on by V adde Pallaiah. He was assessed as an 'individual'. On March 20c3-1953 he entered into a part-nership consisting of himself and three others. That partnership was known as "M/s. Vadde Pulliah & Co." In that partnership Pulliah had 8 as. share and out of the remaining three partners two had 3 as. share each ·and one had 2 as. share. For the assess-ment years 1954-55, 1955-56 and 1956-57, this firm filed return> of income as a firm. It also applied for registration under section 26A. The Income-tax Officer rejected that aPPlication holding that there was no genuine firm. He came to the conclusion that the business was exclusive that of Pulliah. He accordingly assess-ed Pulliah as an 'individual' in resoect of the income earned in that business. As against that order both the firm as well ·as Pulliah went up in appeal to the Appellate Assistant Com-missioner. Before the Appellate Assistant Commissioner, the -question for consideration was whether the firm in question was a genuine firm. If the firm was a genuine firm, it necessarily follow-ed that Pulliah was wrongly assessed. If, on the other hand, the firm was not a genuine firm, Pul!iah was rightly assessed. There-fore, the sole question that arose for decision in the appeals filed by the firm .as well as Pulliah was ·as to the genuineness of the firm in question. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner after examin-ing the material be.fore him came to the conclmion that the finn in question was -a genuine firm. Consequently, he allowed the appeal of the firm as well as that of Pulliah. In tho firm's appeals. he directed the Income-true Officer to register that firm and in Pulliah's ·appeal he set aside the assessment .made on him. In the operative portion of his order he stated thus :

"The Income-tax Officer is directed to adopt the correct share of income of ihe appellant from this firm."

But in the body of his order he specifically held that the business; in question was carried on by the firm and not l:zy Pulliah.

After this order was made, the Income-true Officer proceeded to assess the firm in respeot of the income earned by that firm. during the assessment years 1954-55, 1955-56 and 1956:57, When the Income-true Officer initiated proceedings against the firm for the purpose oi. assessment, the firm resisted the same taking the plea that the proceedings in question is barred by limitation under section 34(3) of the Act. He rejected that contention. Aggrieved by that order the firm went up in appeal to the Appellate Assistant Commissioner. The Appellate Assistant Coinmissi0nr.r upheld the contention of the assessee and set a.•ide the order of the Income-tax. Officer. As against that order the Income-tall! Officer went up in appeal to the Income-Tax Appellate TnbunaL The Tribunal partly accepted the appeal of the Income-tax Officer. It came to the conclusion that the assessment in respect of assess-. ment years 1955-56 and 1956-57 are not barred in viewof the Second Proviso to section 34(3) of the Act. Bur it opined that the asse•sment in respect of the assessment year I 954-55 was. barred by limitation.

Aggrieved by the decision of the Tribunal both the Commis-sioner of. Income-tax as well as the assessee moved the Tribunal under section 66(i) of the Act to refer certain questions of law to the High Court of Artdhra Pradesh. The Tribunal submitkd the question set out earlier to the High Court. The High Court has answered that question in favour of the assessee. It came to the conclusion that the .impugned assessments were barred by time and they are not saved by the Second Proviso to sub-section ( 3) of section 34 of the Ac!. It is as against that decision these appeals have been brought by the Commissioner of Income-tax.

In order. to deciile the controversy before us it is necessary to rel.er to the material portions of section 34. That section deals with income escaping assessment. We are now concerned with sub-section (3) of section 34 and the Second Proviso thereto. Sub-section (3) of section 34 reads :

"No order of assessment or reassessment, othor than an order of assessment u'nder section 23 to which clause ( c) of sub-section ( 1) of section 28 applies or an order

of assessment or reassessment in cases falling within clause (.i) of sub-section (1) or sub-section '(lA) of this section shall be made afier the expiry of four years from the end of the year in which the income, profits or gains were first assessable."· The First Proviso is not relevant for our present pnrposes. Hence we shall _proceed to quate the Second Proviso to sub-section ( 3 ) CJf section 34. That Proviso s.iys :

"Provided further that nothing contained in this section limiting the time within which any action may be taken or any order, assessment or re-assessment may be made, sh.ill apply to a re-asse8sment made under section 27 or to an assessment or re-assessment made on the assessee or any person in consequence of or to give effect to any finding or direction contained in an order under section 31, section 33, section 33A, section 33B, section 66 or section 66A."

The question before us is whether the assessee's case is covered by the Second Proviso to section 34 ( 3) ? Befqre a case can be 'Said to be covered by the said Proviso certain requirements will have to be fulfilled. The first and foremost requirement is that the order made must be one either under section 31 or section 33 Qr section 33A or ~tion 33B or section 66 or section 66A. In the present case, admittedly, the order in question was made under <Section 31. The present case does not fall within the scope of ·section 27 about which there is no dispute.

The next requirement is that the order made by the Income-Tax Officer must be to give effect to any finding or direction ~ven by the Appellate Authority. In this case the Appellate Assistant Commissioner had not given aliy directiOn ·to ·.issess the assessee. Therefore, all that we have to see is whether the order made by the Income-tax Officer was in consequence of a finding given by the Appellate Nsist.int Commissioner. The further <1uestion tb:at we have got to decide is whether the assessee can be considered as one of the pei;sons coming within the scope of the proviso in question. There has been. considerable controversy as to the meaning of the . word 'finding' in the Second '.Proviso to sec~ tion 34(3). This question came up before this Court for consi-deration in Income-Tax Officer, A-Ward, Sitapur v. Murlidhar Phagwan Das.(') This is what this Court obServed in that case:

''The expression "finding or direction", the argu-ment proceeds, is wide enough to take in at any rate a finding that is necessary to dispose of the appeal or direc-tion which Appellate Assistant Commissioners have in practice been issuin1t in respect of assessments of the years other than those before them in appeal. What does the expression "finding" in proviso to sub-section ( 3) of section 34 of the Act mean ? "Finding" has not been defined in the Income-tax Act. Order XX, rule 5, of the Code of Civil Procedure reads :

"In suits in which issues have been framed, the court shall state its finding or decision, with the reasons there-for, upon each separate issue, unless the finding upon any one or more of the issues is sufficient for the decision of the suit."

Under this Order, a "finding" is, therefore, a deci-sion on an issue framed in a suit. The seconil part of the rule shows that such a finding shall be one which by its own force or in combination with findings: on other issues should lead to the decision of the suit itself.. That is to say, the finding shall be one which is necessary for the disposal of the suit. The scope of the meaning of. expression "finding" is considered by a Division Bench of the Allahabad High Court in Pt. Hazarl Lal v. Income-Tax Officer, Kanpur,('). There the learned judges pointed out :

"The word 'finding', interpreted in the sense indicated by us above, will only cover 1Il8'1erial quC1Stions which .E arise in a particular case for decision by the authority

hearing the case or the appeal which, being necessary for passing the final order or giving the final decision in the appeal, has been the subject of controversy between the interested parties or on which the parties concerned have been given a hearing."

We agree with this contention of finding." The same view was taken by this Court in N .KT. Sivallngam Chettlar v. Commissioner of Income-tax, Madras(').

Therein this Court ruled that a finding or direction by an appellate authority in an order relating to the assess-ment of one year does not warrant the avoidance of the bar of limitation under section 34 of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922, against initiation of proceedings for assess-ment for another year. A finding within the second pro-viso to section 34(3), must be a finding for giving relief in respect of the assessment for the year in question. A finding may only be that which was necessary for the dis-posal of an appeal in respect of an assessmene of a parti-cular year.

(I) 39 J.T.R. 265. (2) 66 I.T.R. 516,

The la'\\' on question was elaborately examined by this Court again in Daffadar Bhagat Singh and Son,g v. lncome•tax Officer, A· Ward F erozepure ( 1) • Therein this Court reiterated that a finding which can be considered as relevant under the second proviso to section 34(3) must be one which was necessary for deciding the appeal before the authority. Having set ut the law, let us examine whether the finding given in this case is one that was necessary for the decision of the case before !he Appellate Assistant Com-missioner. As mentioned earlier the question that the Appellate Assistant Commissioner .bad to decide in the two appeals before him, which he heard together, was whether the business in ques-tion was the business of. the firm or 1hat of Pulliah. He had only two alternatives before him: In order to decide the appeal of the firm as well as that of Pulliah, he had to decide whether the busi-ness was that of the firm or that of Pulliah. He cama to the con-clusion that the business was that of the firm and not of Pulliah. There is .no room for doubt that the finding given by the Appellate Assistant Commissioner was absolutely necessary for deciding both the appeals before him.

This takes· us to the other branch of the second proviso . to section 34(3), namely, whether the firm can be considered as coming within the expression 'any person' in the proviso in ques-tion. In Murlidhar Bhagwan Das (Supra), this Court came to the concltlsion that the .expression 'any person' in the second proviso to section 34 ( 3) rel erred to one who would be fiable to be assessed for the whole or a part of the income that went into the assessment of the year under appeal or revision. Further, that person should be intimately connected with the proceedings in which the finding was given. The same view was taken in other cases refierred to earlier. In the instant case Pulliah was the dominant partner of the firm as found by the Tnbunal. He had 8 as. share in the firm. He was the original owner of the firm. He was not only interested in his own assessment, he was also in-terested in the assessment of the firm. The partner of Pulliah were intimately connected with him. Hence we were clearly c1'. the opinion that they are "persons" coming within the scope of the second proviso to section 34(3). It may be noted that the Appel-late Assistant Commissioner had to deal. with the cases of Pulliah as well as that ol. the firm.

In our opinion the High Court erred in coming to the con-clusion that the finding given by the Appellate Assistant Com-missioner, in the appeals filed by Pulliah as well as by the firm, that the business was carried on by the firm. was not a necessary finding for deciding the appeals before him. That finding was clearly necessary. But for that finding he could not have decided the appeals before him in the .way he decided. The High Coun was also wrong in its conclusion that the firm was a stranger to the assessment made on Pulliah. The firm was intimately con-nected with Pulliah and the assessment made on him.

For the reasons mentioned above we set aside the order of t.he High Court. We vacate the answer given by the High Court and answer the question referred to in the affirmative and in favour of the Revenue. The appellant will get his costs from the Res-pondent. One hearing fee.

10-L761Sup.C.l./73

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeals Nos. 1682 to 1684 of 1970.

Appeals by special leave from the ·.iudgment and order dated October 3, 1969 of the Andhra Pradesh High Court in R.C. No. 4 of 1966.

S. T. Desai, B. D. Sharma, S. P. Nayar, and R. N. Sachthey, :for the appellant.

N. D. Karf(hanis, and K. Ra;endra Chowdhary, for the respondent.