Rani Ratnesh Kumari v. State of U.P. & Ors.

SHINGHAL, J. This appeal by certificate is directed against the judgment of the Allahabad High Court dated May 6, 1966, by which the special appeal filed by the present respondents was allowed and the judgment ol a learned Single Judge 6f that Court dated January 2, 1964, allowing the writ petition of the present appellant Rani Ratnesh Kurnari \Vas set aside.

lt is not in controversy that Manchhanna taluqa, or Mainpuri Raj, was a part of the Mainpuri district in Uttar Pradesh. The district originally belonged tp the Nawab Wazir of Oudh, who ceded it to the East India Company in 1801. Raja Daiei Singh was then the owner of the Manchhanna taluqa. A part of his estate was taken over by the British Government. Raja Daiei Singh died in 1829, and was succeeded by Raja Ganga Singh. Settlement operations of the taluqa lands were carried out from time to time. It came to notice during the settlement operations pf 1840 that there were under-ff proprietors or 'biswadars' in 133 villages of the taluqa. It was decid-ed by the government that while the 133 biswadari villages would be settled with biswadars, the other villages would remain under the direct engagement of the Raja and he would receive an allowance or "malikana" for the 133 villages at 18 per cent of the assets leaving 60 per cent of the realisation with the government as land revenue aiid 32 per cent with the biswadars as their share. The settlement was revised thereafter and the assets of the biswadars were redistributed so as to give 55 per cent of the realization to the government as re-venue, 20! to the Raja as 'malikana' and 24t to the biswadars as their share. Then came the settlement of 1872 when Raja Ram Pratap Singh tried to reopen the question of his direct engagement with the government even in regard to the biswadari villages. It was ulti-mately agreed that the Raja would receive, in respect of each village, the same amount as before by way of 'malikana' and that the settle-n;:ent would be made directly with the biswadars who would bear the burden of the arrangement. The 'malikana' thus worked out to Rs. 22,502/- per year. It was however stipulated that it would be reduced to 1/11 of the biswadari payment on.the death of Raja Ram Pratop Singh. An order was issued in 1873 by which the Raja was h;ld entitled to 'malikana' at the rate of 5 per cent of the annual rental. It was reaffirmed during the settlement of l 904--19 that the estate would get 5 per cent of the assets or 1/10 of the land revenue assess-ed in the 133 villages. That arrangement continued upto the settle-ment of 1940. Raja Sheo Mangal Singh, who was the last male descendant of Raja Daiei Singh, thus received an annual payment of Rs. 8946/9/4 as annual rental of the 133 biswadari villages. He died in 1938 and thereruter the 'malikana' was .received by liis widow Rani Prahhuraj Kumari. She died in 1951, and then the 'malikana' was paid to her daughter Rani Ratnesh Kumari, the present appellant, upto March 1953. The payment was stopped thereafter because of the vesting of the estate in the State under the provisions of the U. P. Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950, hereinafter refer-red to as the Act. As the efforts of Rani Ratnesh Kumari for its restoration did not bear fruit, she filed a writ petition in the Allahabad High Court on September 16, 1958 for quashing the Stato Govern-ment's order refusing the payment of the 'malikana' and for a direction that it should continue to be paid to her along with the arrears. She based her claim mainly on the ground that the 'malikana' was in the nature of a pension or allowance "in lieu of the taking over, forfeiture or acquisiti0i1" of the perpetual hereditary rights of the Raja in the 133 viliages and was "in no sense of the term rent or revenue derived from land or any benefit arising out of land." She pleaded that the name of the Rajas was never entered in the record of rights of the 133 villages and that she was "neither intermediary with respect to

RATNESH KUMAR! v. u. P. STATE (Shinghal, !.) 21 ( thos·~) villages nor (those) villages are included in the estate as defined in the Zamindari Abolition Act". So, according to her, tlie 'malikana' being a pension could not have vested in the State on the issue of the notification under section 4 of the Act and w1s not deter-mined under section 6(b).

1he State traversed the petitioner's claim on the ground that the 'malikana' was paid to the Raja in his capacity as the superior pro-prietor of the 133 villages in question, and that it was really in the nature of "a share in the profits of a 'mahal' allowed to the supenor proprietor at the various settlements." It was pleaded that even though the Raja was not responsible or liable for the payment of the land revenue as the settlement was with the inferior proprietors or 'biswadars', the 'malikana' was directly connected with the land revenue and the assets of the Jami of the 133 villages of which the Raja was the superior proprietor. It was also pleaded that the 'malika1rn' represented "a share of the profits of each 'mahal' allowed to the supc,ior proprietor in accordance with section 19 (I) of Regulati.on VII of 1822, section 56 of the Land Revenue Act XIX of 1873, and sections 75 and 77 of the U.P. Land Revenue Act, 1901." It was pointed out in the quadrennial 'khewat' for the years imn1ediately preceding the date of vesting of the estate under the Act, the name of Rani Prabhuraj Ku.mari was recorded as the pu!Yprietor of the 'mahals' of the 133 villages and the names of the inferior proprietors were recorded in the subsequent columns. Reference was made to similar 'khewat' entries of earlier periods and it was pleaded that the 13_\ villages were an estate of the petitioner as defined in the Act and she was an "intermediary" in her capacity as the superior proprie-tor of the 'mahals' on the date immediately preceding the date of vest-Ji: J ing of the estate under the Act. In other words, the State Govern-

ment took the plea that the 'malikana' allowance represented a share of the profits of each 'mahal' and that the payment of the 'malikana' was stopped when the estate vested in the State under the provisions of the Act. It was contended that the writ petitioner was entitled to compens<1tion under the provisions of the Act but not to the 'malikana' allowance which could not be equated with pension.

A Single Judge of the High Court upheld the petitioner's conten-tions and allowed the writ petition. He quashed the orders of the State Covcrnment against her and directed the payment of the arrears of the 'malikana' as well as its future payment. As has been stated, a special appeal was taken against that judgment and has been allow-ed !iy the impugned judgment of the High Court dated May 6, 1966.

Thus the point for consideration in this case is whether the appd-lant's claim to the 'malikana' has rightly been disallowed under the Act which provides, mainly, for the abolition of the zamindari system involving intermediaries between the tiller of the soil and the State. and for the acquisition of their rights, title and interest, and to reform the law relating to land tenure consequent upon such abolition and acquisition. It is not in controversy that the Manchhanna taluqa was an estate within the meaning of section 3(8) of the Act, and the co'n-troversy centres around the question whether the appellant was an intermediary in respect of the aforesaid 133 biswadari villages for which she used to receive the 'malikana' until her estate vested in the State on the issue of the notification under section 4.

TJ1e expression "intermediary" has been defined in section 3 (12) of the Act as follows,- "l 12) "intermediary" with reference to any estate 1neans a pro-

prietor, under-proprietor, sub-proprietor, thiikedar, per-mancnt lessee in A vadh and permanent tenure-holder of such estate or part thereof."

"Estate" has been defined in section 3(8) of the Act but. as has peen stated, it is not in dispute that Manchhanm was one such estate in llttar Pradesh. The petitioner eategorica!ly asserted in panu;raph l o( the writ petition that her father Shea Mangal Singh was the last male descendant of the family of Raja Ganga Singh. who was the taluqadar of Manchhanna taluqa, and !hat fact was not controverted in the respondents' reply. It was further pleaded in paragmph 2 of the writ petition that the Raja bad a vast estate spreading over I~ parganas in the Mainpuri district, and the respondents did not controvert that assertion also. It has therefore to be examined w!Jether the Raja was an intermediary in respect •Of the 133 biswadari villages. In other words, it has to be examined whether the appellant was a "proprietor" of those biswadari villages so as to fall within rh dcfinic tion o[ "intermediary". Clause (21) of section 3 defines a ''proprie-tor'' to mean ';as respects an estate", a person "mvning" the estate and includes the heirs and successp'rs-in-interest of the proprietor. But even though the appelfant was the proprietor of the other villages of her estate, the question is whether she could be said to be the "proprie-tor" of the 133 biswadari villages ?

In order to arrive at a decision it is necessary to examine whether the Raja; of Manchhanna taluqa could be said to have an interest in the land of the 133 biswadari villages even after the fixation of the allowance of 'malikana' under the settlements to which reference has

RATNESH KUMAR! v. u. P. STATE (Shinghai, j,) 23 been made ahoYe. It has been admitted in paragraph 3 of the writ A petition that by the settlement of 1840 the R1ja was allowed an allow-ance: ( malikana) at the rate of 18 per cent of the assets or 22! per cent of the amonnt realised from the biswadars. Mention in that con-nection has been made of the division of the "assets of the Raja's· estate in respect of the malikana villages" leaving him 18 per cent thereof as his 'malikana'. Then it has been stated in paragraph 6 that the Raja was Jo receive the same "biswadari Dllo\Vance" as before "from each village", and that the settlement was made directly with the biswa-dars who were to "bear the burden" of that concession. w c have made a reference to the subsequent developments in that respect lead-ing to the fixation of the 'malikana' at 5 per cent of the asset§ (annual rental) or J /10 of the land revenue assessed for the 133 villages. The respondents have stated iu their reply that the payment was made as "haq talul;adari" by virtue of the superior proprietary right of the Raja and that it was varied from settlement to s~ttlcment as a consequence of the •mriation in the amount-of the laud revenue a'1d the 3'Sets of the villages. This shows that the taluqadar's interest in the land of the 133 bic,wcdari villages was not extinguished even after the fixatior <lf the 'nrnlikana', which was really in the nature of an allowance for the purpose of excluding him from their management and their settle-ment with the under-proprietors.

Then there is the further fact that, as has been stated in paragraph 13 (a) of the respondents' reply affidavit, in the quadrennial 'khewat' for the years immediately preceding the date of ,,;esting under the Act, in respect of the 'mahals' of the 133 villages, the name of Rani Prabhu-raj Kumari. mother of the appellant, was recorded on the first page in column 6 meant for the entry of the name of the proprietor. and the na1nc~ of the inferior proprietors paying land revenue were recor-ded on the subsequent pages. Copies of the 'khewats' of several years Jiave heen placed pn the record. The appellant was (hercfore the proprietor of the 133 villages also, as they were her villages even though her interest in them was limited on account of the settlements with the under-proprietors or biswadars. In otl1er words, she had an interest in the biswadari villages, and ihey undoubtedly formed part of her estate as its proprietor. The appellant's contenfio'n that her interest in those villages was extinguished has not been substantia-ted by the evidence on record and cannot be accepted.

This aspect of the controversy can in fact be examined with re-fcrence to the ancillary question whether the allowance or 'malikana' was allowed on account of Raja's right or privilege in the land of !he

133 village> or its revenue. In other Words, the qnestion is whether there was a direct connection between the two. It will be recalled that the petitioner has herself admitted that the assets of the Raja's estate in those villages were divided so as to leave him a sizable frac-tion thereof, and that the Raja's 'ma!ikana' allowance came from each village and the biswadars had to bear that burden. The respondents have also stated in their counter affidavit that the 'malikana' was varied from settlement to settlement as a consequence of the 'ariation in the land revenue and that it was always by way of a share of the profits of 'mahal'. At any rate, the 'malikana' was allowed on account cf the Raja's interest in the land or its revenue and was therdore a right or privilege in the biswadari lands. It is true that an ·interest in land or land revenue will not be created merely by measuring the quantum of the allowance or by a equating it with a portion of his share in the net revenue of a part of the land, but this was not really so in the present case because the allowance was not determined once for all and was not dissociated from the revenue or the assets of the land.

It follows that the Raja was an "intermediary" within the meaning of section 3 ( 12) of the Act, and by virtue of section 6 of the Act his right, title and interest in the biswadari land ceased and vested in the State on the publication of the notification under section 4 of the Act. He could therefore lay a claim for compensation under section 27, and the High Court cannot be said to have erred in rejecting his claim to 'malikana' as a pensionary benefit outside the purview of the Act.

We have gone through too decision in State of Uttar Pradesh v. Kunwar Sri Trivikram Narain Singh('), but there the settlement was by way of a "pension" which was neither land nor an estate within the meaning of the Act. The pension was in the nature of a mere com-pensation payable in lieu of the ancestral rights over the estates comprised in the pargana. It was in fact granted as a consideration for the settlement of the claim which was litigated in a civil court relating to that land and was granted in consideration of the extinction of the right in \and or the land revenue. That was why it was held that the person receiving an allowance from tbe State in consideraticn of extinction of a right in the land or land revenue was not a propnetcr within the meaning of the Act-the more so when it was found that his name had not been entered in the revenue record under clauses (a) to (d) of section 32 of the Land Revenue Act. There was thus no direct connection between the right or privilege which was claimed in that case and the land in the estate or its revenue. The appellant cannot therefore take any benefit out of that judgment, and the High Court was right in distinguishing it from the facts of the present case.

As we find no merit in this appeal, it is dismissed with one set of costs to the respondents.