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Nanabhau Mangalsing Girase v. The Collector, Dhule and Others

PARTLY ALLOWED AND PARTLY DISMISSED
Court
High Court of Bombay
Decided
11 September 2023
Bench
Arun R. Pednekerauthor
Case no.
FA 2573/2023

Judgment

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY BENCH AT AURANGABAD

¶19FIRST APPEAL NO. 2563 OF 2023 Narendra Vijaysingh Girase Age: 46 Yrs. Occu : Agri, R/o. Divi, Tq.Shindkheda, Dist. Dhule 1] 2] The Deputy Collector, Medium Irrigation Project, 3] Dhule Medium Project Department No.1, … Mr.A.B.Kale, Advocate holding for Mr.M.R.Malpani, Advocate for the appellant. Ms.R.P.Gaur, AGP for the respondent-State. Mr.A.D.Pawar, Advocate for the respondent no.3. …

¶20FIRST APPEAL NO. 2564 OF 2023 Bhatu Babulal Sutar

Age: 49 Yrs. Occu : Agri, R/o. Divi, Tq.Shindkheda, Dist. Dhule 1] 2] The Deputy Collector, Medium Irrigation Project, 3] Dhule Medium Project Department No.1, … Mr.A.B.Kale, Advocate holding for Mr.M.R.Malpani, Advocate for the appellant. Mr.B.V.Virdhe, AGP for the respondent-State. Mr.A.D.Pawar, Advocate for the respondent no.3. …

¶21FIRST APPEAL NO. 2565 OF 2023 Govindsing Sardarsing Girase Age: 57 Yrs. Occu : Agri, R/o. Divi, Tq.Shindkheda, Dist. Dhule 1] 2] The Deputy Collector, Medium Irrigation Project, 3] Dhule Medium Project Department No.1, … Mr.A.B.Kale, Advocate holding for Mr.M.R.Malpani, Advocate for the appellant. Mr.K.B.Jadhavar, AGP for the respondent-State. Mr.A.D.Pawar, Advocate for the respondent no.3. …

¶22FIRST APPEAL NO. 2566 OF 2023 Dhansing Manga Girase Age: 45 Yrs. Occu : Agri, R/o. Divi, Tq.Shindkheda, Dist. Dhule 1] 2] The Deputy Collector, Medium Irrigation Project, 3] Dhule Medium Project Department No.1, … Mr.A.B.Kale, Advocate holding for Mr.M.R.Malpani, Advocate for the appellant. Mr.K.N.Lokhande, AGP for the respondent-State. Mr.A.D.Pawar, Advocate for the respondent no.3. …

¶23FIRST APPEAL NO. 2567 OF 2023 Gulabsing Pratap Girase Age: 55 Yrs. Occu : Agri, R/o. Divi, Tq.Shindkheda, Dist. Dhule 1] 2] The Deputy Collector, Medium Irrigation Project, 3] Dhule Medium Project Department No.1, … Mr.A.B.Kale, Advocate holding for Mr.M.R.Malpani, Advocate for the appellant. Ms.R.P.Gaur, AGP for the respondent-State. Mr.A.D.Pawar, Advocate for the respondent no.3. …

¶24FIRST APPEAL NO. 2568 OF 2023 Bhagwansing Gulabsing Girase Age: 52 Yrs. Occu : Agri, R/o. Divi, Tq.Shindkheda, Dist. Dhule 1] 2] The Deputy Collector, Medium Irrigation Project, 3] Dhule Medium Project Department No.1, … Mr.A.B.Kale, Advocate holding for Mr.M.R.Malpani, Advocate for the appellant. Mr.N.T.Bhagat, AGP for the respondent-State. Mr.A.D.Pawar, Advocate for the respondent no.3. …

¶25FIRST APPEAL NO. 2569 OF 2023 Bhatesing Gajesing Girase Age: 47 Yrs. Occu : Agri, R/o. Divi, Tq.Shindkheda, Dist. Dhule 1] 2] The Deputy Collector, Medium Irrigation Project, 3] Dhule Medium Project Department No.1, … Mr.A.B.Kale, Advocate holding for Mr.M.R.Malpani, Advocate for the appellant. Mr.B.V.Virdhe, AGP for the respondent-State. Mr.A.D.Pawar, Advocate for the respondent no.3. …

¶26FIRST APPEAL NO. 2570 OF 2023 Jagat Manga Girase Age: 40 Yrs. Occu : Agri, R/o. Divi, Tq.Shindkheda, Dist. Dhule 1] 2] The Deputy Collector, Medium Irrigation Project, 3] Dhule Medium Project Department No.1, … Mr.A.B.Kale, Advocate holding for Mr.M.R.Malpani, Advocate for the appellant. Mr.K.B.Jadhavar, AGP for the respondent-State. Mr.A.D.Pawar, Advocate for the respondent no.3. …

¶27FIRST APPEAL NO. 2571 OF 2023 Narayansing Bhagwan Girase Age: 50 Yrs. Occu : Agri, R/o. Divi, Tq.Shindkheda, Dist. Dhule 1] 2] The Deputy Collector, Medium Irrigation Project, 3] Dhule Medium Project Department No.1, … Mr.A.B.Kale, Advocate holding for Mr.M.R.Malpani, Advocate for the appellant. Ms.R.P.Gaur, AGP for the respondent-State. Mr.A.D.Pawar, Advocate for the respondent no.3. …

¶28FIRST APPEAL NO.2572 OF 2023 Hambersing Pratap Girase (Died) Through LRs

¶1Chandrakalabai Hambersing Girase Age: 51 Yrs, Occu : Agri

¶2Rajendra Hambersing Girase Age: 40 Yrs. Occu : Agri,

¶3Bhupendra Hambersing Girase. Age : 37 Yrs, Occu : Agri,

¶4Narendra Hambersingh Girase. Age: 33 Yrs, Occu : Agri, All R/o. Divi, Tq.Shindkheda, Dist. Dhule. .. APPELLANTS [Ori. Claimants] 1] 2] The Deputy Collector, Medium Irrigation Project, 3] Dhule Medium Project Department No.1, … Mr.A.B.Kale, Advocate holding for Mr.M.R.Malpani, Advocate for the appellants. Mr.N.T.Bhagat, AGP for the respondent-State. Mr.A.D.Pawar, Advocate for the respondent no.3. …

¶29FIRST APPEAL NO. 2573 OF 2023 Nanabhau Mangalsing Girase Age: 40 Yrs. Occu : Agri, R/o. Divi, Tq.Shindkheda, Dist. Dhule 1] 2] The Deputy Collector, Medium Irrigation Project, 3] Dhule Medium Project Department No.1, … Mr.A.B.Kale, Advocate holding for Mr.M.R.Malpani, Advocate for the appellant. Mr.N.T.Bhagat, AGP for the respondent-State. Mr.A.D.Pawar, Advocate for the respondent no.3. …

30. FIRST APPEAL NO. 2574 OF 2023

¶1Bharatsing Gulabsing Girase Age: 52 Yrs, Occu : Agri,

¶2Bhatesing Gulabsing Girase Age: 49 Yrs, Occu : Agri, Both R/o. Divi, Tq.Shindkheda, Dist. Dhule.

.. APPELLANTS [Ori.Claimants] 1] 2] The Deputy Collector, Medium Irrigation Project, 3] Dhule Medium Project Department No.1, … Mr.A.B.Kale, Advocate holding for Mr.M.R.Malpani, Advocate for the appellant. Mr.K.B.Jadhavar, AGP for the respondent-State. Mr.A.D.Pawar, Advocate for the respondent no.3. …

¶31FIRST APPEAL NO. 2651 OF 2023 Dilip Poulat Girase Age: 63 Yrs. Occu : Agriculture, R/o. Divi, Tq.Shindkheda, Dist. Dhule 1] 2] The Deputy Collector, Medium Irrigation Project, 3] Dhule Medium Irrigation Division No.1, … Mr.A.B.Kale, Advocate for the appellant. Mr.K.N.Lokhande, AGP for the respondent-State. Mr.A.D.Pawar, Advocate for the respondent no.3. …

¶32FIRST APPEAL NO. 2652 OF 2023 Lotan Palat Girase [died] Through LRs

¶1Kamalbai Lotan Girase Age: 54 years, Occ : Household

¶2Yogesh Lotan Girase Age: 35 years, Occ : Agriculture

¶3Rekhabai Darbarsing Girase Age: 41 years, Occ : Agriculture,

¶4Anita Nimsing Girase Age: 35 years, Occ : Agriculture,

¶5Sonal Hemant Rajput Age: 30 years, Occ : Household, All R/o. Divi, Tal : Shindkheda, Dist : Dhule. .. APPELLANTS 1] 2] The Deputy Collector Medium Irrigation Project, 3] Dhule Medium Irrigation, Division No.1, … Mr.A.B.Kale, Advocate for the appellant. Ms.R.P.Gaur, AGP for the respondent-State. Mr.A.D.Pawar, Advocate for the respondent no.3. …

¶33FIRST APPEAL NO. 2655 OF 2023 Vijaysing Saradar Girase (Ahirrao) Age: 57 Yrs. Occu : Agriculture, R/o. Divi, Tq.Shindkheda, Dist. Dhule 1] The Deputy Collector Medium Irrigation Project, 2] Dhule Medium Irrigation, Division No.1, 3] … Mr.A.B.Kale, Advocate for the appellant. Mr.N.T.Bhagat, AGP for the respondent-State. Mr.A.D.Pawar, Advocate for the respondent no.2. …

¶34FIRST APPEAL NO. 2656 OF 2023 Hambarsing Pratap Girase (died) Through LRs

¶1Chandrakalabai Hambarsing Girase Age: 58 years, Occ : Agriculture

¶2Rajendra Hambarsing Girase Age: 34 years, Occ : Agriculture

¶3Bhupendra Hambarsing Girase Age: 31 years, Occ : Agriculture

¶4Narendra Hambarsing Girase Age: 27 years, Occ : Agriculture Applicant no.2 is the GPA of applicants No.1, 3 & 4 All R/o. Divi, Tal : Shindkheda, Dist : Dhule.

.. APPELLANTS [Ori.Claimants] 1] 2] The Deputy Collector, Medium Irrigation Project, 3] Dhule Medium Irrigation, Division No.1, … Mr.A.B.Kale, Advocate for the appellants. Mr.B.V.Virdhe, AGP for the respondent-State. Mr.A.D.Pawar, Advocate for the respondent no.3. …

¶35FIRST APPEAL NO. 2657 OF 2023 Kashinath Namdeo Pawar (Died) Through L.Rs.

¶1Ratan Kashinath Pawar Age: 54 years, Occ : Agriculture

¶2Sunandabai Vedu Sonawane Age: 42 years, Occ : Agriculture

¶3Sarlabai Chaitram Aagale Age: 38 years, Occ : Agriculture

¶4Nababai Kashinath Pawar Age: 82 years, Occ : Household, All R/o. Divi, Tq.Shindkheda, Dist : Dhule.

.. APPELLANTS [Ori. Claimants] 1] 2] The Deputy Collector, Medium Irrigation Project, 3] Dhule Medium Irrigation, Division No.1, … Mr.A.B.Kale, Advocate for the appellant. Mr.K.B.Jadhavar, AGP for the respondent-State. Mr.A.D.Pawar, Advocate for the respondent no.3. …

¶36FIRST APPEAL NO. 2658 OF 2023 Vijesing Sardar Girase Age: 55 years, Occ : Agriculture, R/o. Divi, Tal : Shindkheda, Dist : Dhule.

1] The Deputy Collector, Medium Irrigation Project, 2] Dhule Medium Irrigation, Division No.1, 3] … Mr.A.B.Kale, Advocate for the appellant. Mr.K.N.Lokhande, AGP for the respondent-State. Mr.A.D.Pawar, Advocate for the respondent no.2. …

¶37FIRST APPEAL NO. 2659 OF 2023 Prabhakar Hari Wani (Kothawade) Age: 60 years, Occ : Agriculture, R/o. Divi, Tal. Shindkheda, Dist : Dhule

1] The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Medium Irrigation Project, Dhule. 2] Dhule Medium Irrigation, Division No.1, For the Divi Village – Wadi Shewadi, Medium Project, Divi, Tal : Shindkheda, Sinchan Bhavan, Sakri Road, Dhule 3] The Collector, Dhule Collector Office, Dhule. … Mr.A.B.Kale, Advocate for the appellant. Ms.R.P.Gaur, AGP for the respondent-State. Mr.A.D.Pawar, Advocate for the respondent no.2. …

¶38FIRST APPEAL NO. 2660 OF 2023 Harsing Kalu Girase Age: 59 years, Occ : Agriculture, R/o. Divi, Tal. Shindkheda, Dist : Dhule

1] The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Medium Irrigation Project, Dhule. 2] Dhule Medium Irrigation, Division No.1, For the Divi Village – Wadi Shewadi Medium Project, Divi, Tal:Shindkheda, Sinchan Bhavan, Sakri Road, Dhule. 3] The Collector, Dhule Collector Office, Dhule. … Mr.A.B.Kale, Advocate for the appellant. Mr.B.V.Virdhe, AGP for the respondent-State. Mr.A.D.Pawar, Advocate for the respondent no.2. …

¶39FIRST APPEAL NO. 2661 OF 2023 Ramesh Dattatray Wani Age: 63 years, Occ : Agriculture, R/o. Divi, Tal. Shindkheda, Dist : Dhule

1] The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Medium Irrigation Project, Dhule. 2] Dhule Medium Irrigation, Division No.1, For the Divi Village – Wadi Shewadi Medium Project, Divi, Tal:Shindkheda, Sinchan Bhavan, Sakri Road, Dhule. 3] The Collector, Dhule Collector Office, Dhule. … Mr.A.B.Kale, Advocate for the appellant. Mr.B.V.Virdhe, AGP for the respondent-State. Mr.A.D.Pawar, Advocate for the respondent no.2. …

¶40FIRST APPEAL NO. 2662 OF 2023 Bhimsing Daulat Girase

Age: 57 years, Occ : Agriculture, R/o. Divi, Tal. Shindkheda, Dist : Dhule

1] The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Medium Irrigation Project, Dhule. 2] Dhule Medium Irrigation, Division No.1, For the Divi Village – Wadi Shewadi Medium Project, Divi, Tal:Shindkheda, Sinchan Bhavan, Sakri Road, Dhule. 3] The Collector, Dhule Collector Office, Dhule. … Mr.A.B.Kale, Advocate for the appellant. Mr.K.B.Jadhavar, AGP for the respondent-State. Mr.A.D.Pawar, Advocate for the respondent no.2. …

¶41FIRST APPEAL NO. 2663 OF 2023 Dilip Daulat Girase

Age: 53 years, Occ : Agriculture, R/o. Divi, Tal. Shindkheda, Dist : Dhule

1] The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Medium Irrigation Project, Dhule. 2] Dhule Medium Irrigation, Division No.1, For the Divi Village – Wadi Shewadi Medium Project, Divi, Tal:Shindkheda, Sinchan Bhavan, Sakri Road, Dhule. 3] The Collector, Dhule Collector Office, Dhule … Mr.A.B.Kale, Advocate for the appellant. Mr.K.N.Lokhande, AGP for the respondent-State. Mr.A.D.Pawar, Advocate for the respondent no.2. …

¶42FIRST APPEAL NO. 2664 OF 2023 Piran Dhaba Bhil (Malche) Age: 63 years, Occ : Agriculture, R/o. Divi, Tal. Shindkheda, Dist : Dhule

[Ori. Claimant] 1] The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Medium Irrigation Project, Dhule. 2] Dhule Medium Irrigation, Division No.1, For the Divi Village – Wadi Shewadi Medium Project, Divi, Tal:Shindkheda, Sinchan Bhavan, Sakri Road, Dhule. 3] The Collector, Dhule Collector Office, Dhule … Mr.A.B.Kale, Advocate for the appellant. Mrs.R.P.Gaur, AGP for the respondent-State. Mr.A.D.Pawar, Advocate for the respondent no.2. …

¶43FIRST APPEAL NO. 2665 OF 2023 Rajendra @ Raju Kalusing Girase Age: 50 years, Occ : Agriculture, R/o. Divi, Tal. Shindkheda, Dist : Dhule

1] The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Medium Irrigation Project, Dhule. 2] Dhule Medium Irrigation, Division No.1, For the Divi Village – Wadi Shewadi Medium Project, Divi, Tal:Shindkheda, Sinchan Bhavan, Sakri Road, Dhule. 3] The Collector, Dhule Collector Office, Dhule … Mr.A.B.Kale, Advocate for the appellant. Mr.N.T.Bhagat, AGP for the respondent-State. Mr.A.D.Pawar, Advocate for the respondent no.2. …

¶44FIRST APPEAL NO. 2666 OF 2023 Aashabai Ashok Girase

Age: 57 years, Occ : Agriculture, R/o. Divi, Tal. Shindkheda, Dist : Dhule

1] The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Medium Irrigation Project, Dhule 2] Dhule Medium Irrigation, Division No.1, For the Divi Village – Wadi Shewadi Medium Project, Divi, Tal:Shindkheda, Sinchan Bhavan, Sakri Road, Dhule. 3] The Collector, Dhule Collector Office, Dhule … Mr.A.B.Kale, Advocate for the appellant. Mr.B.V.Virdhe, AGP for the respondent-State. Mr.A.D.Pawar, Advocate for the respondent no.2. …

¶45FIRST APPEAL NO. 2667 OF 2023 Devidas Rajaram Bhil (Malache) Age: 56 years, Occ : Agriculture, R/o. Divi, Tal. Shindkheda, Dist : Dhule

1] The Deputy Collector (Land Acquisition) No.1, Medium Irrigation Project, Dhule. 2] Dhule Medium Irrigation, Division No.1, Dhule, 3] The Collector, Dhule … Mr.A.B.Kale, Advocate for the appellant. Mr.K.B.Jadhavar, AGP for the respondent-State. Mr.A.D.Pawar, Advocate for the respondent no.2. …

¶46FIRST APPEAL NO. 2728 OF 2023 Archana Arun Chandratre Age: 57 years, Occ : Agriculture, R/o. Divi, Tal. Shindkheda, Dist : Dhule

1] The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Medium Irrigation Project, Dhule. 2] Dhule Medium Irrigation, Division No.1, For the Divi Village – Wadi Shewadi Medium Project, Divi, Tal:Shindkheda, Sinchan Bhavan, Sakri Road, Dhule. 3] The Collector, Dhule Collector Office, Dhule … Mr.A.B.Kale, Advocate for the appellant. Mr.K.N.Lokhande, AGP for the respondent-State. Mr.A.D.Pawar, Advocate for the respondent no.2. …

¶47FIRST APPEAL NO. 2918 OF 2023 Prakash Sardar Girase Age: 50 years, Occ : Agriculture, R/o. Divi, Tal. Shindkheda, Dist : Dhule

1] The Deputy Collector (Land Acquisition) No.1, Medium Irrigation Project, Dhule. 2] Dhule Medium Irrigation, Division No.1, Dhule 3] … Mr.A.B.Kale, Advocate for the appellant. Ms.R.P.Gaur, AGP for the respondent-State. Mrs.Manjusha S. Jagtap-Ware, Advocate for the respondent no.2. …

¶48FIRST APPEAL NO. 2919 OF 2023 Kisan Shankar Bhil (More) Age: 60 years, Occ : Agriculture, R/o. Divi, Tal. Shindkheda, Dist : Dhule

1] The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Medium Irrigation Project, Dhule. 2] Dhule Medium Irrigation, Division No.1, For the Divi Village – Wadi Shewadi Medium Project, Divi, Tal:Shindkheda, Sinchan Bhavan, Sakri Road, Dhule. 3] The Collector, Dhule Collector Office, Dhule … Mr.A.B.Kale, Advocate for the appellant. Mr.N.T.Bhagat, AGP for the respondent-State. Ms.Manjusha S.Jagtap-Ware, Advocate for the respondent no.2. …

¶49FIRST APPEAL NO. 2920 OF 2023 Ramsing Jamsing Girase

Age: 76 years, Occ : Agriculture, R/o. Divi, Tal. Shindkheda, Dist : Dhule

1] The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Medium Irrigation Project, Dhule. 2] Dhule Medium Irrigation, Division No.1, For the Divi Village – Wadi Shewadi Medium Project, Divi, Tal:Shindkheda, Sinchan Bhavan, Sakri Road, Dhule. 3] The Collector, Dhule Collector Office, Dhule … Mr.A.B.Kale, Advocate for the appellant. Mr.B.V.Virdhe, AGP for the respondent-State. Ms.Manjusha S.Jagtap-Ware, Advocate for the respondent no.2. … CORAM : ARUN R. PEDNEKER, J. DATE : 11.09.2023 P.C. : 1] Heard the learned counsel for the appellants. The appellants – original claimants have challenged the respective impugned awards passed by the Reference Court in these First Appeals. 2] The learned counsel for the appellants submits that in the identical matters arising out of the same acquisition proceedings, this Court, by order dated 17th July, 2023 in First Appeal No.1135 of 2023 along with connected matters has passed the following orders, which reads thus :

¶1Heard rival submissions.

¶2All these appeals are filed by the respective appellants – claimants challenging the respective impugned judgments and awards passed by the learned Civil Judge Senior Division, Dhule in their respective Land Acquisition References.

¶3It is brought to the notice by the learned Counsel – Mr.A.B.Kale for the appellants – claimants that the other connected matters arising out of the same acquisition were already settled in Lok Adalat dated 8th February, 2020 by way of compromise between the appellants – claimants therein and the respondent – acquiring body. It was decided at the relevant time that, acquiring body had accepted to pay compensation amounts in respect of house properties mentioned therein to the extent 85% of the valuation reports filed before the learned Reference Court within a period of one year from the date of compromise. Further, it was also agreed by the appellants – claimants therein to accept the interest under Section 20 of the Land Acquisition Act from the date of award instead of date of notification.

¶4It is significant to note that, in view of the said compromise or settlement in the aforesaid Lok Adalat dated 8th February, 2020, this Court vide order dated 27th April, 2023 also disposed off bunch of appeals namely First Appeal No.3738 of 2019 and others arising out of same acquisition, on the same conditions.

¶5The respective learned Counsel for the respondent – acquiring body in all these appeals also accepted the aforesaid fact of compromise and prayed for disposing the appeals on the same terms and conditions.

¶6In view of the same, following order is passed: ORDER

(i) All these appeals are partly allowed and the respondent – acquiring body shall pay compensation amount to all these appellants – claimants in respect of their house properties mentioned therein at the rate of 85% of the valuation report submitted by these appellants before the learned Reference Court.

(ii) The respondent – acquiring body shall pay the interest under Section 28 of the Land Acquisition Act from the date of award.

(iii) The respondent – acquiring body shall deposit the amount of enhanced compensation as aforesaid, within a period of one year from the date of this order directly in Reference Court and on such deposit, all these appellants – claimants are permitted to withdraw their respective amounts of compensation alongwith the interest.

(iv) In case the payment is delayed by the respondent – acquiring body even after period of one year then it shall carry the statutory interest till its realization.

(v) The concerned appellants – claimants are directed to pay the deficit Court fees, if any, at the time of modification of awards.

(vi) The awards be modified accordingly and the pending Civil Applications, if any, also stand disposed of.

3] The learned counsel appearing for the respondents have not disputed the fact that the present appeals are identical to the First Appeal No.1135 of 2023 and connected matters. 4] In view of the same, I pass the following order : ORDER i] All these appeals are partly allowed and the respondent – acquiring body shall pay compensation amount to all these appellants – claimants in respect of their house properties mentioned therein at the rate of 85% of the valuation report submitted by these appellants before the learned Reference Court. ii] The respondent – acquiring body shall pay the interest under Section 28 of the Land Acquisition Act from the date of award. iii] The respondent – acquiring body shall deposit the amount of enhanced compensation as aforesaid, within a period of one year from the date of this order directly in Reference Court and on such deposit, all these appellants – claimants are permitted to withdraw their respective amounts of compensation alongwith the interest. iv] In case the payment is delayed by the respondent – acquiring body even after period of one year then it shall carry the statutory interest till its realization. v] The concerned appellants – claimants are directed to pay the deficit Court fees, if any, at the time of modification of awards. vi] The awards be modified accordingly and the pending Civil Applications, if any, also stand disposed of. [ARUN R. PEDNEKER] JUDGE DDC

Source: High Court of Bombay, through the eCourts High Court services, via the Indian High Court Judgments open dataset by Dattam Labs (CC BY 4.0). Text was extracted from the official PDF and may contain conversion errors. Check the official PDF before relying on it.