- Court
- High Court of Punjab and Haryana
- Decided
- 12 August 2024
- Bench
- Harpreet Singh Brar
- Case no.
- CRR(F) 304/2019
Judgment
HARPREET SINGH BRAR, J. (ORAL) This order of mine shall dispose of both the aforementioned criminal revision petitions as they are version and cross version and challenge to impugned order dated 01.11.2018 has been made in both the petitions. For the sake of brevity, facts are borrowed from CRR(F)-304-2019 titled as Naresh Kumar vs. Monika and another.
2. The present petition has been preferred against the impugned judgment dated 01.11.2018 passed by the learned Family Court, Bhiwani under Section 125 of the Cr.P.C., vide which, the maintenance of Rs.5,000/- per month was awarded to the respondents (Rs.4,000/- per month to respondent No.1 and Rs.1,000/- per month to respondent No.2), wife and daughter of the MANISHA CRR(F)-304-2019 (O & M) 2
petitioner.
3. The marriage between the petitioner and respondent No.1 was solemnised on 30.11.2013 in accordance with Hindu rites and rituals at Bhiwani. Out of the wedlock, one female child was born. However, matrimonial dispute ensued between the couple and the respondents filed a petition under Section 125 Cr.P.C. seeking maintenance. The petitioner filed a reply and contested the claim made by the respondents. The learned Family Court vide order dated 01.11.2018 granted maintenance allowance of Rs.5,000/- per month in favour of the respondents. Aggrieved by the same, the petitioner and respondents have approached this Court by filing the present petitions.
4. Learned counsel for the petitioner inter alia contends that learned Family Court has fell into grave error by awarding maintenance to the respondents. Learned counsel submits that respondent No.1 has left the house of the petitioner at her own sweet will. Further, respondent No.1 is a skilled tailor and is earning Rs.6,000/- per month approximately, which is sufficient for maintenance of the respondents. Learned counsel further submits that petitioner is working as a Security Guard and is earning Rs.5,300/- per month.
5. Learned counsel for the respondents submits that respondent No.1 has no independent source of income. Learned counsel further submits that petitioner is a teacher in private school and is earning Rs.30,000/- per month. Furthermore, petitioner is also having 3.5 acres of agricultural land and is getting Rs.20,000/- per month as agricultural income.
6. Having heard the learned counsel for the parties and after perusing the record with their able assistance, the matter is taken up for final disposal.
7. Pertinently, the object and purpose behind granting maintenance is CRR(F)-304-2019 (O & M) 3
to ensure that the dependent spouse is not reduced to destitution or vagrancy on account of failure of marriage. At the same time, a just and careful balance must be struck to ensure that this provision does not degenerate into a weapon to punish the other spouse. The Courts are required to conduct the maintenance proceedings while being alive to the legislative intent behind the provision under Section 125 Cr.P.C in its true spirit, which is to provide speedy assistance and social justice to women, children and infirm parents. The provisions of Section 125 Cr.P.C. were enacted as a measure to further social justice and protect dependent women, children and parents, which also falls within the constitutional sweep of Article 15(3) reinforced by Article 39 of the Constitution of India.
8. A Three-Judge Bench of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in Vimala (K.) v. Veeraswamy (K.)(1991) 2 SCC 375, speaking through Justice Fatima Beevi, opined that as follows: "3. Section 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure is meant to achieve a social purpose. The object is to prevent vagrancy and destitution. It provides a speedy remedy for the supply of food, clothing, and shelter to the deserted wife." A two-Judge Bench of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in Kirtikant D. Vadodaria v. State of Gujarat (1996) 4 SCC 479, speaking through Justice Faizan Uddin, opined as follows: "15. ... While dealing with the ambit and scope of the provision contained in Section 125 of the Code, it has to be borne in mind that the dominant and primary object is to give social justice to the woman, child and infirm parents, etc. and to prevent destitution and vagrancy by compelling those who can support those who are unable to support themselves but have a moral claim for support. The provisions in Section 125 provide a speedy remedy to those CRR(F)-304-2019 (O & M) 4
women, children and destitute parents who are in distress. The provisions in Section 125 are intended to achieve this special purpose. The dominant purpose behind the benevolent provisions contained in Section 125 clearly is that the wife, child and parents should not be left in a helpless state of distress, destitution and starvation."
9. However, there is a general tendency on the part of the wife to amplify her needs and the husband to conceal his actual income, making it difficult to determine the earning capacity of the rival claimants with exactitude. The rival claimants must scrupulously bring on record their actual respective earning capacities in order for the Court to arrive at quantum of maintenance which is just and fair in terms of principle of equistatus. The quantum of maintenance must be justifiable and realistic to provide succour to the dependent spouse and also to avoid occurrence of the two extremes of the maintenance being either paltry or extravagant, ensuring that neither of the two is reduced to a life of penury. The adequacy of the maintenance allowance has to be determined by the yardstick of the dependent spouse being able to lead a life of reasonable comfort.
10. While dealing with the issue of maintenance in extenso, a two Judge bench of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in Rajnesh v. Neha and another
(2021) 2 SCC 324, laid down the criteria for determining quantum of maintenance and issued the following directions: VI Final Directions
130. In view of the foregoing discussion as contained in Part B -1 to V of this judgment, we deem it appropriate to pass the following directions in exercise of our powers under Article 142 of the Constitution of India:
(a) Issue of overlapping jurisdiction CRR(F)-304-2019 (O & M) 5
131. To overcome the issue of overlapping jurisdiction, and avoid conflicting orders being passed in different proceedings, it has become necessary to issue directions in this regard, so that there is uniformity in the practice followed by the Family Courts/District Courts/Magistrate Courts throughout the country. We direct that:
(i) where successive claims for maintenance are made by a party under different statutes, the Court would consider an adjustment or setoff, of the amount awarded in the previous proceeding/s, while determining whether any further amount is to be awarded in the subsequent proceeding:
(ii) it is made mandatory for the applicant to disclose the previous proceeding and the orders passed therein, in the subsequent proceeding;
(iii) if the order passed in the previous proceeding/s requires any modification or variation, it would be required to be done in the same proceeding
(b) Payment of Interim Maintenance
132. The Affidavit of Disclosure of Assets and Liabilities annexed as Enclosures I, II and III of this judgment, as may be applicable, shall be filed by both parties in all maintenance proceedings, including pending proceedings before the concerned Family Court / District Court / Magistrates Court, as the case may be, throughout the country.
(c) Criteria for determining the quantum of maintenance
133. For determining the quantum of maintenance payable to an applicant, the Court shall take into account the criteria enumerated in Part B III of the judgment.
134. The aforesaid factors are however not exhaustive, and the concerned Court may exercise its discretion to consider any other factor/s which may be necessary or of relevance in the facts and circumstances of a case.
(d) Date from which maintenance is to be awarded
135. We make it clear that maintenance in all cases will be awarded from the date of filing the application for maintenance, as held in Part B-IV above. CRR(F)-304-2019 (O & M) 6
(e) Enforcement/Execution of orders of maintenance
136. For enforcement/execution of orders of maintenance, it is directed that an order or decree of maintenance may be enforced under Section 28A of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1956; Section 20(6) of the D.V. Act; and Section 128 of Cr.P.C may be applicable. The arder of maintenance may be enforced as a money decree of a civil court as per the provisions of the CPC more particularly Sections 51, 55, 58, 60 r.w. Order XXI."
11. A perusal of the impugned order passed by the learned Family Court makes it evident that the Court below has duly considered the material placed before it for determining the quantum of maintenance. It has rightly observed that there is no evidence which could reveal that respondents are having any source of income and they are unable to maintain herself and the petitioner is an able bodied person. A careful and just balance has been drawn, keeping in view the spiralling inflation rates and high cost of living corresponding to the reasonable needs of the respondents, the conduct of the petitioner-husband and the fact that respondent no.2-minor daughter is residing with respondent no.1. Learned counsel for the respective petitioners in both the cases have not been able to indicate any perversity in the impugned order which warrants interference by this Court. Accordingly, both the petitions are dismissed being bereft of any merit.
12. Pending miscellaneous applications, if any, shall stand disposed of accordingly.
(HARPREET SINGH BRAR) Reserved on : 08.08.2024 JUDGE Pronounced on : 12.08.2024 manisha
(i) Whether speaking/reasoned Yes/No
(ii) Whether reportable Yes/No
Case details
Parties and counsel
235-1 IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB AND HARYANA AT CHANDIGARH Reserved on : 08.08.2024 Pronounced on : 12.08.2024 1. CRR(F)-304-2019 (O & M) NARESH KUMAR ...PETITIONER V/S MONIKA AND ANOTHER ...RESPONDENTS 2. CRR(F)-427-2019 (O & M) MONIKA AND ANOTHER ...PETITIONERS V/S NARESH KUMAR ...RESPONDENT CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE HARPREET SINGH BRAR Present: Mr. Rajesh Bansal, Advocate for the petitioner in CRR(F)-304-2019 & for the respondent in CRR(F)-427-2019. Mr. Rahul Noorie, Advocate for Mr. Abhimanyu Singh, Advocate for the petitioners in CRR(F)-427-2019 & for the respondents in CRR(F)-304-2019. 0000
Source: High Court of Punjab and Haryana, through the eCourts High Court services, via the Indian High Court Judgments open dataset by Dattam Labs (CC BY 4.0). Text was extracted from the official PDF and may contain conversion errors. Check the official PDF before relying on it.