Raj Kumar Garg v. State of Haryana and Another

o o 1o o o INoTHEoHIGHoCOURToOFoPUNJABoANDoHARYANAoATo CHANDIGARHo o CRM-M-22943-2025oo o RajoKumaroGargoo ....Petitionero versuso StateoofoHaryanaoandoanothero o o o o ....Respondentso o Reservedoon:o o o o Aprilo16,o2026o DateoofoPronouncement/Decision:oo Aprilo20,o2026o DateoofoUploading:oo o o Aprilo20,o2026o o CORAM:oo HON'BLEoMR.oJUSTICEoSUMEEToGOELo o Present:oo Mr.oEdwardoAugustineoGeorge,oAdvocateoandoo o o Mr.oShubhamoMalik,oAdvocateoforotheopetitioner.oo o o o Ms.oPriyankaoSadar,oSenioroDAGoHaryanaoo o o fororespondentoNo.1o–oState.oo o o o Mr.oShreyoGoel,oAdvocateofororespondentoNo.2.oo o *****o SUMEEToGOEL,oJ.oo o o o Presento petitiono haso beeno filedo undero Sectiono 528o ofo theo Bharatiyao Nagariko Surakshao Sanhita,o 2023o (hereinaftero referredo too aso 'BNSS')o layingo challengeo too theo impugnedo ordero datedo 24.03.2025o (AnnexureoP-5)opassedobyolearnedoAdditionaloSessionsoJudge,oKurukshetrao (hereinaftero referredo too aso 'Sessionso Judge'),o wherebyo Criminalo Revisiono No.116oofo2023ofiledobyorespondentoNo.2,oagainstotheoorderodatedo07.11.2023o passedo byo theo learnedo Subo Divisionalo Magistrate,o Thanesar,o Districto Kurukshetrao (hereinaftero referredo too aso 'SDM')o whicho restrictedo botho theo partiesotoointerfereoinotheoshopoinoquestionoandoappointedoaoreceiverotootakeo o o 2o o possessionoofotheoshopoinoquestion,owasoallowedowhileosettingoasideotheoordero datedo07.11.2023oibid.oo

2.o o Theocaseoinohandobearsoaochequeredohistory,odeeplyoentrenchedo inomutualoanimosityobetweenotheoparties,owhichoappearsotoohaveopropelledo themointooengagingoinojudicialoadventurism,otherebyoreducingotheosanctityoofo theoCourtotoothatoofoaobattleground,odrivenoprimarilyobyoaodesireotoovindicateo personalo egos.o Sucho ao backdropo assumeso greatero significanceo whileo appreciatingotheofactualoconspectusoandoinoassessingowhetherotheocriminalo machineryohasobeenosetointoomotionobonaofideooromerelyoasoaostratagemotoo settleoprivateovendettasounderotheoguiseoofolegalodiscourse.oo o o SuccinctlyotheodisputeobetweenotheopartiesorelatesotoooneoShopo No.43,o Aryao Samajo Market,o Railwayo Road,o Kurukshetra,o Haryanao (hereinafteroreferredotooaso'DisputedoProperty').ooTheopetitioneroisopresidento ofoUp-Samiti,oAryaoPratinidhioSabhaoHaryana,owhooisotheolandlordoofotheo saidoshopoandotheorespondentoNo.2oisoaotenantotherein.oAorentopetitionobearingo RentoPetitionoNo.13oofo2004,ounderoSectiono13oofotheoHaryanaoRentoControlo Regulationo ando Evictiono Act,o 1973o waso filedo byo theo petitioner,o seekingo evictionooforespondentoNo.2,ofromotheoabove-mentionedoshop.oTheosaidoRento Petitionowasodismissedoasowithdrawn,oinoviewoofotheocompromiseobetweeno theoparties,obeforeoMegaoLokoAdalat,oKurukshetra,oono20.12.2008.oo o o TheoAryaoPratinidhioSabhaoHaryana,othroughopetitioneroasoitso authorisedorepresentative,ofiledoaocivilosuit,ounderoSectionso37o&o38oofotheo Specifico Reliefo Act,o againsto respondento No.2,o ino theo Courto ofo Additionalo CiviloJudgeo(SenioroDivision),oKurukshetrao(hereinafteroreferredotooaso'Civilo Judge'),obearingoCiviloSuitoNo.1192/2023.oVideoorderodatedo01.09.2023otheo learnedoCiviloJudge,opassedoanointerimoinjunctionoorderoagainstorespondento o o 3o o No.2,orestrainingohimofromofurtherodemolishing/odamagingotheosuitoproperty,o carryingooutoanyoconstructionoactivityoandochangingotheonatureoofotheoshopoino questiono(DisputedoProperty).oTheosaidoCiviloSuitowasofinallyodisposedoofobyo theolearnedoCiviloJudge,ovideoJudgmentodatedo21.11.2023,oinoviewoofotheo statementomadeobyorespondentoNo.2othatoheowilloundertakeocertainonecessaryo constructionoworksoatotheoDisputedoProperty,owithotheoprioropermissionoofo eitherotheoRentoControlleroorotheolandlordoonly.oo o o Inotheointerregnum,oduringopendencyoofoabove-saidoCiviloSuit,o onotheosameoday,owhenotheointerimoinjunctionoorderowasopassedobyotheoCivilo Judge,oinoabove-mentionedoSuit,oi.e.,o02.09.2023,odisputeorelatedowithoregardo too constructiono activityo undertakeno byo respondento No.2o ato theo disputedo property,o resultedo intoo lodgingo ofo criminalo case,o video FIRo No.527,o datedo

02.09.2023ounderoSectionso323,o427,o506oofoIPC.ooPertinently,othatotheosaido FIRowasolodgedoatoinstanceoofooneoShubhamoclaimingohimselfotoobeotheocare-takeroofoDisputedoPropertyohavingobeenoappointedobyotheoAryaoPratinidhio Sabhao Haryana,o againsto respondento No.2.o Theo FIRo caseo iso statedo too beo pendingo adjudicationo ino theo Courto ofo Judicialo Magistrate,o Isto Class,o Kurukshetra,owhereinochargesohaveobeenoframedoagainstorespondentoNo.2,oono

03.03.2025.oo o o Aftero theo incidento ofo 02.09.2023,o disputeo againo brokeo upo betweenotheopartiesoquaotheoDisputedoPropertyoono07.09.2023,oandoagainoao policeocomplaintowasolodgedobyotheopetitioner.oTheoPoliceothisotime,oinitiatedo proceedingsounderosectiono145oCr.P.C.,oquaotheoDisputedoPropertyobyofilingoao Complainto(Kalandra)obeforeotheoSuboDivisionaloMagistrate,oThanesar,owitho ao requesto too appointo receivero undero sectiono 146o ofo theo Cr.P.C.o quao theo o o 4o o o o Ono09.10.2023,orespondentoNo.2ofiledoaoCiviloSuitoagainstotheo StateoofoHaryanaoandosomeopoliceoofficers,oclaimingodamagesoandoperpetualo injunction,oandorestrainingotheodefendantsothereinofromointerferingowithohiso righto too enjoymento ofo theo Disputedo Property.o o Ino thiso Civilo Suito bearingo No.CS-1352oofo2023,ovideoorderodatedo08.12.2023opassedobyotheolearnedo Additionalo Civilo Judgeo (Senioro Division),o Kurukshetra,o decidingo theo applicationounderoOrdero39oRuleso1oando2oofoCPC,otheodefendantso(therein)o wereorestrainedofromointerferingointootheorightsooforespondentoNo.2oquaotheo DisputedoProperty.oo o o Besidesotheoabove-mentionedolitigationsobetweenotheoparties,otheo recordoofotheocaseorevealsothatoyetoanotheroRentoPetitionobearingoNo.45oofo 2023ofiledobyoPetitioneroagainstotheorespondentoNo.2,oseekingohisoejectmento fromo Disputedo Property,o ono groundso ofo non-paymento ofo rent,o personalo necessity,ounauthorisedouseoandooccupation,oisoalsoogoingoonobetweenotheo parties.oo o o ComingobackotootheofactsoofotheoinstantoCriminaloMiscellameouso Petition,otheosameohasoitsogenesisoinotheoComplainto(Kalandra)ofiledobyotheo policeo datedo 07.09.2023,o quao theo Disputedo Property.o Theo Subo Divisionalo Magistrate,oThanesar,oDistrictoKurukshetra,ovideohisoorderodatedo07.11.2023,o finallyodecidedotheomatter,owhileoappointingotheoExecutiveoOfficer,oNagaro Parishad,o Thanesar,o aso receivero ofo theo Disputedo Property.o Thiso promptedo respondentoNo.2otoofileoaoCriminaloRevisionoPetitionobeforeotheoAdditionalo Sessionso Judge,o Kurukshetrao bearingo Criminalo Revisiono No.116o ofo 2023,o whichowasoallowedoono24.03.2025.oAggrievedoofotheojudgmentopassedobyo Additionalo Sessionso Judgeo datedo 24.03.2025,o theo presento Criminalo o o 5o o MiscellaneousoPetitionoseekingoquashingoofotheosaidojudgmentoisofiledobeforeo thisoCourt.oo

3.o o OnobehalfoofotheoStateoofoHaryana,obeingorespondentoNo.1,oao separateoreplyobyowayoofoanoaffidavitodatedo25.08.2025ohasobeenofiledoinotheo matter.o Butoino theosaido replyo itoisosimplyo mentionedothatotheo contentso ofo PetitiononeedonooreplyoonobehalfoofotheoStateoandoinothisomannerotheoStateohaso notoputoanyoseriousoresistanceotootheopetition.ooo

3.1.o o However,o ono behalfo ofo respondento No.2o ao separateo Writteno Statementodatedo13.08.2025ohasobeenofiledowhereinoallotheocontentsoofotheo CriminaloMiscellaneousoPetitionohaveobeenorefutedoandoitoisoaverredothatotheo orderopassedobyotheoAdditionaloSessionsoJudge,oisoentitledotoobeomaintainedo andoupheldobeingoaowelloreasonedojudgment.oo

4.o o Onobehalfoofotheopetitioner,oinotandemowithotheopleadingoinotheo Criminalo Miscellaneouso Petition,o ito haso beeno arguedo thato aso pero theo provisionsoofoSectionso145oando146oofotheoCr.oP.C.owhenever,oanoExecutiveo Magistrateo iso satisfiedo fromo ao reporto ofo ao policeo officero oro upono othero informationo thato ao dispute,o likelyo too causeo ao breacho ofo theo peace,o existso concerningoanyolandoandoconsidersotheocaseotoobeooneoofoemergency,owithino hisolocalojurisdiction,othenoheoshallomakeoanoorder,oinowriting,oandoheocano attacho theo subjecto ofo disputeo untilo ao competento courto haso determinedo theo rightso ofo theo partieso theretoo witho regardo too theo persono entitledo too theo possessionothereof.ooItoisoarguedofurtherothatoasoperotheoKalandraofiledobyotheo police,oapparentlyothereowasobreachoofopeaceobetweenotheopartiesoconcerningo theo Disputedo Property,o ando hence,o aso sucho theo learnedo SDMo haso rightlyo exercisedohisopowersounderoSectionso145oando146oofoCr.oP.C.ooItoisoarguedo thato ino theo Civilo Suito decidedo betweeno theo parties,o beforeo theo Megao Loko o o 6o o Adalat,orespondentoNo.2ogaveoaostatementothatoheowillodesistofromoraisingoanyo constructionoatotheoDisputedoPropertyowithoutoseekingopermissionofromoRento Controller,o buto heo failedo too adhereo too hiso undertaking.o o Ito iso arguedo thato respondentoNo.2oisoalreadyofacingocriminaloproceedingsoinoFIRoNo.527odatedo

02.09.2023,olodgedoagainstohimoinoconnectionowithotheooffencesocommittedo byohimowithorespectotooconstructionoatotheoDisputedoProperty.ooItoisoarguedo thatowhenoevenoafterolodgingoofotheoFIR,orespondentoNo.2,operpetuatedohiso illegaloactsoconcerningotheoDisputedoProperty,otheopoliceowasoleftowithonoo otheroalternativeobutotooinitiateoproceedingsounderoSectionso145oando146oofo Cr.oP.C.oItoisosubmittedothatoSessionsoJudgeohasowronglyointerferedowithotheo well-reasonedoorderopassedobyotheolearnedoSDM,owhichoisonotosustainableoino law.ooAsosuchoquashingoofotheoimpugnedojudgmentodatedo24.03.2025opassedo byotheoSessionsoJudgeoisoprayedoonobehalfoofotheopetitioner.oo

5.o o Tootheocontrary,oonobehalfooforespondentoNo.2,oitoisoarguedothato proceedingso conductedo byo theo learnedo SDMo areo vitiatedo byo proceduralo illegalities.ooItoisosubmittedothatotheolearnedoSDModecidedotheomatterowithouto recordingoanyoevidence,oandowithoutoprovidingoproperoopportunityoofohearingo tootheoparties.ooItoisoarguedothatotheolearnedoSDMohasoexceededojurisdictiono whileopassingotheoorderodatedo07.11.2023,oandotheolearnedoSDMooughtonototoo haveointerferedoinotheomatteroasotheodisputeopertainedotootheojurisdictionoofotheo CiviloCourtoorotheoRentoController.oItoisoarguedothatotheoDisputedoProperty,o admittedly,obeingoinopossessionooforespondentoNo.2oasotenant,othereoexistedo noo disputeo concerningo itso possession.o Respondento No.2o beingo ino propero lawfulopossessionoofotheoshopoinodispute,otheolearnedoSDMohadonoooccasiono tooinitiateoproceedingsounderoSectiono146oofotheoCr.oP.C.oandotooappointotheo receiver.ooItoisosubmittedothatotheorespondentoNo.2oisotenantoinotheodisputedo o o 7o o shoposinceolastomoreothano32oyears,oandoisoregularlyopayingorent,owhichowaso enhancedooverotheotime.oOnotheostrengthoofotheseosubmissions,odismissaloofo theopetitionoinohandoisoentreatedofor.oo

6.o o Iohaveoheardotheolearnedocounseloforotheopartiesoandoperusedotheo caseorecordocarefully.oo

7.o o Factsoofotheocase,oconsistingoofoaoseriesoofolitigationogoingoono betweenotheopartiesoconcerningotheoDisputedoProperty,omakeoitoamplyoclearo thatotheorealodisputeoexistingobetweenotheopartiesoquaotheoDisputedoPropertyo flowsofromotheotenancyorights.ooTheoLandlord,othroughopetitioner,opriorotootheo filingo ofo Kalandrao byo theo police,o hado alreadyo filedo Civilo Suito datedo

02.09.2023,oagainstorespondentoNo.2oinotheocourtoofolearnedoAdditionaloCivilo Judgeo(SenioroDivision),oKurukshetra,obearingoCiviloSuitoNo.1192/2023.oIno thatosuit,ovideoorderodatedo02.09.2023otheoCiviloJudge,ohadoalreadyopassedoano interimo injunctiono ordero againsto respondento No.2,o restrainingo himo fromo furthero demolishing/o damagingo theo suito property,o carryingo outo anyo constructionoactivityoandochangingotheonatureoofotheoshopoinoquestionoatotheo DisputedoProperty.oInotheseocircumstances,oiforespondentoNo.2ohadoraisedotheo constructionoinoviolationoofotheoCiviloJudgeoorder,otheoproperoremedyowithotheo petitionerowasotooapproachotheosaidoCiviloCourt,oinoaccordanceowitholaw,oaso hasobeenorightlyoheldobyotheoSessionsoJudge.ooButotheolandlordoinohisowisdomo choseotooenterotheoDisputedoPropertyotoostoporespondentoNo.2ofromoraisingo construction,odespiteotheoinjunctionoorderoinofavouroofotheolandlord.oTheosaido situationoresultedoinolodgingoofoFIRocaseobyotheopoliceoagainstorespondento No.2.o o Theo FIRo waso lodgedo ono 02.09.2023.o Stillo theo landlord-petitionero visitedotheoDisputedoPropertyoono07.09.2023,omadeoaofreshopoliceocomplaint,o resultingoinofilingoofoKalandraobyotheopolice.oAllothisohasohappenedowheno o o 8o o earlierotheolandlord-petitionerohadosoughtoevictionooforespondentoNo.2ofromo theoDisputedoPropertyobyofilingoEvictionoPetitionobeforeotheoRentoController,o whicho resultedo ino dismissal,o thougho ono theo basiso ofo compromise.o Theo sequenceo ofo eventsogiveso riseo tootheo inferenceo abouto theo keennessoofotheo landlord-petitionerotoooustorespondentoNo.2ofromotheoDisputedoProperty.oo

8.o o Ito defieso logico ando doeso noto commando acceptanceo thato theo police,oono02.09.2023ohavingosetotheocriminalolawointoomotionobyoregisteringo anoFIRoagainstotheorespondentoNo.2oinotheobackdropoofotheoveryosameodisputeo wasoofosuchoaonatureoasotoobeolikelyotoooccasionoaobreachoofopeace,owarrantingo recourseotoopreventiveoproceedings.oSuchoanoabruptovolte-faceoonotheopartoofo theo policeo authorities,o ino theo absenceo ofo anyo discernibleo changeo ino circumstancesooroemergenceoofofreshomaterialocastsoaoseriousodoubtoonotheo bonaofidesoofotheoactionosubsequentlyotaken.oTheosequenceoofoevents,owheno viewedoholistically,oprimaofacie,osuggestsoaolackoofodueoapplicationoofomindo ando betrayso arbitraryo exerciseo ofo power,o rathero thano ao consideredo ando objectiveosatisfactionoasoisomandatorilyorequiredounderotheolaw.oTheseofactso holdoallotheomoreosignificanceoinoviewoofotheoCiviloSuito1352oofo2023,ofiledo byo respondento No.2,o wherebyo theo policeo officerso wereo restrainedo fromo interferingointootheotenantedopremisesooforespondentoNo.2,otillotheodecisionoofo thatosuit.oInothisobackdrop,otheoinitiationoofoproceedingsounderoSectiono145o Cr.P.C.oappearsonotoonlyoexcessiveobutoalsoolegallyountenable.oItoisotriteothato theojurisdictionounderoSectiono145oCr.P.C.oisoessentiallyopreventiveoinonature,o toobeoinvokedosparinglyoandoonlyouponoaogenuineoandoimminentoapprehensiono ofobreachoofopeace,ofoundedoonoobjectiveomaterial.oTheoprovisionocannotobeo permittedotoobeoemployedoasoaoparallelomechanismotooeitherocircumventooro diluteotheoeffectoofoordersopassedobyoaoCiviloCourt,onorocanoitobeoinvokedotoo o o 9o o indirectlyoachieveowhatoisoexpresslyoprohibited.oTherefore,otheoinitiationoofo proceedingsounderoSectiono145oofotheoCr.oP.C.obyotheopoliceoinofactualomatrixo ofotheoinstantocaseoisoclearlyooverboardoandoarbitrary.ooo

9.o o TheoHon'bleoSupremeoCourtoofoIndia,oinocaseoofoAshokoKumaro v.oStateoofoUttarakhand,o2013(1)oRCRo(Criminal)o961,owhileodealingowithotheo scopeoofoSectionso145oando146oofotheoCr.oP.C.ohasoheldoasounder:oo "13.o TheoingredientsonecessaryoforopassingoanoorderounderoSectiono145o

(1)oofotheoCodeowouldonotoautomaticallyoattractoforotheoattachmentoofotheo property.o Undero Sectiono 146,o ao Magistrateo haso too satisfyo himselfo aso too whetheroemergencyoexistsobeforeoheopassesoanoorderoofoattachment.oAocaseo ofoemergency,oasocontemplatedounderoSectiono146oofotheoCode,ohasotoobeo distinguishedofromoaomereocaseoofoapprehensionoofobreachoofotheopeace.o TheoMagistrate,obeforeopassingoanoorderounderoSectiono146,omustoexplaino theocircumstancesowhyoheothinksoitotoobeoaocaseoofoemergency.oInoothero words,o too infero ao situationo ofo emergency,o thereo musto beo ao materialo ono recordo beforeo Magistrateo wheno theo submissiono ofo theo partieso filed,o documentsoproducedooroevidenceoadduced.oo o

14.o Weofindofromothisocaseothereoisonothingotooshowothatoanoemergencyo existso soo aso too invokeo Sectiono 146(1)o ando too attacho theo propertyo ino question.oAocaseoofoemergency,oasoperoSectiono146oofotheoCodeohasotoobeo distinguishedofromoaomereocaseoofoapprehensionoofobreachoofopeace.oWheno theo reportso indicateo thato oneo ofo theo partieso iso ino possession,o rightlyo oro wrongly,otheoMagistrateocannotopassoanoorderoofoattachmentoonotheogroundo ofoemergency.oTheoorderoacknowledgesotheofactothatoAshokoKumarohaso startedoconstructionoinotheopropertyoinoquestion,otherefore,opossessionoofo propertyoisowithotheoappellanto-oAshokoKumar,owhetheroitoisolegalooronot,oiso notoforotheoSDMotoodecide."o o

10.o o TheoratiooofolawolaidodownobyotheoHon'bleoSupremeoCourtoinotheo aforesaidojudgmentoisosquarelyoapplicableotootheofactsoofotheopresentocaseo also.ooInotheopresentocase,oitoisoadmittedocaseoofotheopartiesothatorespondento No.2owasoinopossessionoofotheoDisputedoPropertyoasotenant.ooHisopossessiono ofotheoDisputedoPropertyobeingofullyovalidoandolegitimate,otheolearnedoSDMo hadonoooccasionotooappointotheoreceiverounderoSectiono146oofoCr.oP.C.oquao theosaidoproperty.oo

11.o o Provisionso ofo Sectionso 145o ando 146o ofo Cr.o P.C.o makeo ito abundantlyo clearo thato initiationo ofo proceedingso therein,o musto demonstrateo situationogivingoriseotooimminentodangeroofobreachoofopeaceoonotheobasisoofo o o 10o o someotangibleostrongoreasons.oAnoabstruseoportrayaloofosuchocircumstances,o onotheobasisoofobaldoassertionsosansoanyosupportingomaterial,ocannotofurnisho validogroundoofoinitiationoofoproceedingsounderosectionsoibid.ooTheoKalandrao filedoinotheopresentocaseoclearlyospellsocamouflagedoapprehensionoofobreacho ofopeaceoforotheopurposesoofoinitiationoofoproceedings.ooTheoactionoundertooko byotheopolice,otherefore,oappearsotoohaveotraversedobeyondotheopermissibleo limitsoofostatutoryoauthorityoandopartakesotheocharacteroofocolourableoexerciseo ofopower.oTheoallegationsogivingoriseotoofilingoofokalandraobyopolice,oclearlyo showsothatotheorepresentativesoofotheopetitioner-Sabha,oenteredotheoDisputedo Property,owhichoisoadmittedlyounderotheopossessionooforespondentoNo.2oaso tenant.ooTheoactoofotheopetitioner,oinothisoregard,olacksobonaofides,oasojusto05o dayso prioro too theo saido incidento ano FIRo hado alsoo beeno lodgedo againsto respondentoNo.2oatotheoinstanceoofopetitioneroonotheosameocause.oMoreover,o thereo waso ano ordero passedo byo theo Civilo Judgeo ono theo subjecto ofo disputeo betweenotheoparties.ooItoisotriteolawothatotheobreachoofopeaceorequiredoasoano ingredientoofoSectiono145oofoCr.oP.C.ocannotobeoaogeneralisedoterm,oratheroito oughtotoobeodecipheredoinocontextowithotheopublicoatolarge.oo

12.o o Aoperusaloofotheoorderodatedo07.11.2023opassedobyotheolearnedo SDMorevealsothatotheosameoisocouchedoinoaomostocrypticoandolaconicomanner,o berefto ofo anyo meaningfulo reasoningo oro adjudication.o Theo ordero doeso noto evinceoanyoapplicationoofomind,onorodoesoitorecordoanyoconclusiveofindingo basedoonotheomaterialoavailableoonorecord.oItofallsoconspicuouslyoshortoofotheo settledorequirementothatoaoquasi-judicialoauthorityomustoadhereotooobjectiveo criteriaoandoassignocogentoreasonsoinosupportoofoitsoconclusions.oTheolearnedo SDM,o inoao rathero perfunctoryo manner,ohaso merelyo directedotheopartiesotoo desisto fromo interferingo witho theo lando ino disputeo untilo furthero orderso ando o o 11o o subjecto too theo outcomeo ofo theo civilo proceedings.o Ergo,o theo ordero datedo

07.11.2023,opassedobyotheolearnedoSDM,oneitherodisclosesoanyodiscernibleo legalo rationaleo noro alignso witho theo principleso governingo theo exerciseo jurisdictionounderoSectionso145oando146oofotheoCr.P.C.oFurthermore,oinoitso orderodatedo07.11.2023otheolearnedoSDMohasofailedotoorecordotheorequisiteo independento satisfactiono aso contemplatedo undero Sectiono 146o Cr.P.C,o particularlyowithoregardotootheoexistenceoofoanoemergencyoorotheoinabilityotoo decideotheoquestionoofopossession.oInofact,otheomaterialoonorecordoindicateso thatotheoaspectoofopossessionowasoneitheroindeterminableonoroincapableoofo adjudication;oitonotoonlyoappearsotoohaveobeenoevident,oratheroadmitted.oIno sucho circumstances,o theo drastico measureo ofo attachmento ofo propertyo ando appointmento ofo ao receivero couldo noto haveo beeno resortedo ino ao routineo oro mechanicalomanner.o

13.o o Atothisojuncture,othisoCourtodeemsoitoappositeotoosoundoaonoteoofo caution.oo o o Theo factso ofo theo presento caseo exemplifyo ao disquietingo ando steadilyo growingo tendencyo amongsto litigantso too invokeo theo criminalo jurisdiction,o noto aso ao bonao fideo recourseo foro redressalo ofo legitimateo grievances,o buto aso ao conveniento instrumento too settleo personalo scoreso ando wreakoprivateovengeance.oTheocaseoinohandobearsoaochequeredohistory,odeeplyo embeddedo witho mutualo acrimony,o whicho appearso too haveo propelledo theo partiesointooaoformoofojudicialoadventurism,oreducingotheosolemnoforumoofo adjudicationointoo aobattlegroundo foro theo vindicationo ofobruisedo egos.o Theo Courtomustoremainovigilantotoodiscernowhetherotheoprocessoofolawoisobeingo invokedoinogoodofaithooroisomerelyoaocolourableoexercise,ocamouflagingoano ulterioro design.o Ito iso triteo thato exo turpio causao nono orituro actio―noo actiono o o 12o o arisesofromoanoimmoralocause―andoequallyothatotheoprocessoofotheoCourto musto noto beo permittedo too beo abusedo aso ao weapono ofo harassmento oro oppression.o Ao profitableo referenceo ino thiso regardo cano beo madeo too theo observationsomadeobyotheoHon'bleoSupremeoCourtoinoVishaloNobleoSinghoVs.o StateoofoUttaroPradeshoandoAnother;o2024o(14)oSCCo112,orelevantowhereofo readsothus:o "21.oWeo findo thato inorecento yearso theo machineryo ofo criminalo justiceo iso beingo misusedo byo certaino personso foro theiro vestedo interestso ando foro achievingo theiro obliqueomotivesoandoagenda.oCourtsohaveothereforeotoobeovigilantoagainstosucho tendenciesoandoensureothatoactsoofoomissionoandocommissionohavingoanoadverseo impactoonotheofabricoofoourosocietyomustobeonippedoinotheobud."o o o o Furthermore,o veryo recently,o whileo raisingo concerno overo theo growingo tendencyo ofo usingo criminalo lawo aso ao platformo foro initiationo ofo vindictiveo proceedingso too settleo score,o theo Hon'bleo Supremeo Courto ino ParamjeetoSinghoVs.oStateoofoHimachaloPradeshoandoOthers;oSLPo(Criminal)o No.o3415oofo2024oobservedoasounder:o "17.oo xxxo xxxo Criminalo lawo oughto noto becomeo ao platformo foro initiationoofovindictiveoproceedingsotoosettleopersonaloscoresoandovendettas.o xxxo o xxx"o o o o ThisoCourtocannotoloseosightoofotheobroaderoinstitutionaloconcerno thatosuchomisuseoengenders.oTheojudicialosystem,oalreadyoburdenedowithoano onerousodocket,oisofurtherostrainedowhenoitsotimeoandoresourcesoareodivertedo towardsoadjudicatingodisputesothatoare,oinoessence,omanifestationsoofopersonalo vendettao rathero thano genuineo legalo controversies.o Sucho practiceso notoonlyo impedeotheoexpeditiousoresolutionoofobonaofideodisputesobutoalsooerodeopublico confidenceoinotheosanctityoandoefficacyoofotheojudicialoprocess.oAoprofitableo referenceoinothisoregardocanobeomadeotootheodictaopassedobyotheoHon'bleo Supremeo Courto ino Chanchalpatio Daso Vs.o Theo Stateo ofo Westo Bengalo ando Another;o2023oAIRoSupremeoCourto2719,orelevantowhereoforeadsoasounder:o o o 13o o "20.oWeowouldolikeotooaddothatojustoasobadocoinsodriveooutogoodocoinsofromo circulation,o bado caseso driveo outo goodo caseso fromo beingo heardo ono time.o Becauseoofotheoproliferationoofofrivolousocasesoinotheocourts,otheorealoando genuineocasesohaveotootakeoaobackseatoandoareonotobeingoheardoforoyearso together.oTheopartyowhooinitiatesoandocontinuesoaofrivolous,oirresponsibleo andosenselessolitigationoorowhooabusesotheoprocessoofotheocourtomustobeo saddledo witho exemplaryo cost,o soo thato otherso mayo detero too followo sucho course."o o o o Furthermore,oinoSubrataoRoyoSaharaoVs.o UnionoofoIndiaoando Others;o2014o(8)oSCCo470,otheoHon'bleoSupremeoCourtoobservedoasounder:o "150.o Theo Indiano judicialo systemo iso grosslyo afflicted,o witho frivolouso litigation.oWaysoandomeansoneedotoobeoevolved,otoodeterolitigantsofromotheiro compulsiveoobsession,otowardsosenselessoandoill-consideredoclaims.oOneo needsotookeepoinomind,othatoinotheoprocessoofolitigation,othereoisoanoinnocento suffereroonotheootheroside,oofoeveryoirresponsibleoandosenselessoclaim.oHeo suffersolongodrawnoanxiousoperiodsoofonervousnessoandorestlessness,owhilsto theolitigationoisopending,owithoutoanyofaultoonohisopart.oHeopaysoforotheo litigation,ofromooutoofohisosavingso(orooutoofohisoborrowings),oworryingothato theootherosideomayotrickohimointoodefeat,oforonoofaultoofohis.oHeospendso invaluableotimeobriefingocounseloandopreparingothemoforohisoclaim.oTimeo whichoheoshouldohaveospentoatowork,oorowithohisofamily,oisolost,oforonoofaulto ofohis.oShouldoaolitigantonotobeocompensatedofor,owhatoheohasolost,oforonoo fault?o Theo suggestiono too theo legislatureo is,o thato ao litiganto whoo haso succeeded,omustobeocompensatedobyotheoone,owhoohasolost.oTheosuggestiono tootheolegislatureoisotooformulateoaomechanism,othatoanyoneowhooinitiateso andocontinuesoaolitigationosenselessly,opaysoforotheosame.oItoisosuggestedo thato theo legislatureo shouldo considero theo introductiono ofo ao "Codeo ofo CompulsoryoCosts"."o o o o Theo principleo interesto reipublicaeo uto sito finiso litiumo standso gravelyo underminedo wheno partieso indulgeo ino frivolouso oro motivatedo proceedings.oEqually,otheophraseo'abuseoofoprocessoofolaw'oisonotoaomereo phraseobutoaosubstantiveodoctrine,oobligatingoCourtsotoointerdictoproceedingso thatoareoinitiatedowithoobliqueomotivesooroforocollateralopurposes.oItomust,o therefore,obeoemphaticallyoreiteratedothatotheojudicialoprocessoisonotoaoforumo forosettlingopersonaloanimositiesooroadvancingoprivateovendettas.oAnyoattempto toosubvertoitoforosuchoextraneousopurposesodeservesotoobeodeprecatedoinotheo strongestopossibleoterms.oThisoCourtoisoconstrainedotooobserveothatorecourseo too criminalo lawo musto beo temperedo witho responsibility,o bonao fides,o ando ao o o 14o o genuineo causeo ofo action,o lesto theo majestyo ofo lawo beo compromisedo byo itso misuse.o

14.o o InoviewoofotheoaboveofindingsotheoJudgmentopassedobyoSessionso Judge,oinoCriminaloRevisionoNo.116oofo2023,odoesonotosufferofromoanyolegalo infirmityo ando aso sucho iso upheld.o Resultantly,o theo presento Criminalo MiscellaneousoPetitionoisodismissed.oo

15.o o Pendingoapplication(s),oifoany,oshalloalsoostandodisposedoof.oo o o o o o o o o o o o o ooooooo o (SUMEEToGOEL)o o oooooooooooooooooooooo o oooooooooooooooooooJUDGEo Aprilo20,o2026o mahaviroo o Whetherospeaking/reasoned:o o Yes/Noo o Whetheroreportable:o o o Yes/Noo