Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 · Chapter V: Of Documentary Evidence · Presumptions as to documents
Section 93: Presumption as to electronic records five years old
In plain words
If an electronic record that is, or appears to be, five years old is produced from custody the court considers proper, the court may presume that an electronic signature on it was affixed by the person it belongs to, or someone they authorised.
A simplified explanation, prepared with AI assistance from the official text below and checked automatically against it for numbers and cross-references. The official text is the law and prevails over this summary. Not legal advice.
Official text
Where any electronic record, purporting or proved to be five years old, is produced from any custody which the Court in the particular case considers proper, the Court may presume that the electronic signature which purports to be the electronic signature of any particular person was so affixed by him or any person authorised by him in this behalf.
Explanation.—The Explanation to section 81 shall also apply to this section.
Source: India Code (indiacode.gov.in), the consolidated text published by the Legislative Department, Government of India. Text as updated on India Code on 25 August 2026. Words in square brackets [ ] were inserted or substituted by later amending Acts, and *** marks words omitted by an amendment. The amendment footnotes are not reproduced here. Official text on India Code.
Supreme Court judgments citing the section 93
No Supreme Court judgment in our database cites this section yet.