Constitution of India · Part V: The Union · Legislative Procedure
Article 111: Assent to Bills
In plain words
A Bill passed by both Houses goes to the President, who either assents to it or withholds assent. For a Bill other than a Money Bill, the President can send it back once, asking the Houses to reconsider it or suggested amendments. If the Houses pass it again, with or without amendment, the President cannot withhold assent.
A simplified explanation, prepared with AI assistance from the official text below and checked automatically against it for numbers and cross-references. The official text is the law and prevails over this summary. Not legal advice.
Official text
When a Bill has been passed by the Houses of Parliament, it shall be presented to the President, and the President shall declare either that he assents to the Bill, or that he withholds assent therefrom:
Provided that the President may, as soon as possible after the presentation to him of a Bill for assent, return the Bill if it is not a Money Bill to the Houses with a message requesting that they will reconsider the Bill or any specified provisions thereof and, in particular, will consider the desirability of introducing any such amendments as he may recommend in his message, and when a Bill is so returned, the Houses shall reconsider the Bill accordingly, and if the Bill is passed again by the Houses with or without amendment and presented to the President for assent, the President shall not withhold assent therefrom.
Source: India Code (Legislative Department), the official text of the Constitution of India. As amended up to the Constitution (One Hundred and Sixth Amendment) Act, 2023. Text as on 10 September 2026. Words in square brackets [ ] were inserted or substituted by later amending Acts, and *** marks words omitted by an amendment. The amendment footnotes are not reproduced here. Official text on India Code.
Supreme Court judgments citing the article 111
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The State of Tamil Nadu v. The Governor of Tamil Nadu & Anr.
a. What courses of action are available to the Governor in exercise of his powers under Article 200 of the Constitution. b. Whether the Governor can reserve a Bill for the consideration of the President when it is…
- Manoj Parihar & Ors. v. State of Jammu & Kashmir & Ors
- Union of India & Anr v. M/S Mohit Minerals Pvt. Ltd. Through Director
- G. Mohan Rao & Ors. v. State of Tamil Nadu & Ors.
- Vinod Kumar v. Ashok Kumar Gandhi
- State of Kerala & Ors. v. M/S. Mar Appraem Kuri Co. Ltd. & Anr.
- University of Kerala v. Council, Principals, Colleges, Kerala & Others
- Consumer Education & Research Society v. Union of India & Ors.
- Rameshwar Prasad and Ors. v. Union of India and Anr.
- Common Cause v. Union of India and Ors.
- Kaiser-I-Hind Pvt. Ltd. and Anr. v. National Textile Corporation (Maharashtra North) Ltd. and Ors.