Constitution of India · Part VI: The States · Chapter VI: Subordinate Courts

Article 234: Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service

Official text

Source: India Code (Legislative Department), the official text of the Constitution of India. As amended up to the Constitution (One Hundred and Sixth Amendment) Act, 2023. Text as on 10 September 2026. Words in square brackets [ ] were inserted or substituted by later amending Acts, and *** marks words omitted by an amendment. The amendment footnotes are not reproduced here. Official text on India Code.

Supreme Court judgments citing the article 234

• Tosh Kumar Sharma v. High Court of Judicature at Allahabad & Ors.
  2025 INSC 92116 July 2025Appeal(s) allowed

  Issue arose as regards the correctness of the order passed by the High Court rejecting the claim raised for appointment by the appellant to the post of Additional District and Sessions Judge in the Uttar Pradesh Higher…

• Irwan Kour v. Punjab Public Service Commission & Ors.
  2025 INSC 49416 April 2025Dismissed

  Issue arose whether recruitment advertisement issued by the Punjab Public Service Commission providing reservation for “ex-servicemen” would include personnel from the Indian Military Nursing Service.

• Abhimeet Sinha & Ors. v. High Court of Judicature at Patna & Ors.
  2024 INSC 3816 May 2024Dismissed

  Issue arose as regards the constitutionality of the Rules-Bihar Superior Judicial Service Rules, 1951 and Gujarat State Judicial Service Rules, 2005 stipulating minimum qualifying marks in the viva voce test as a part…

• Dr Kavita Kamboj v. High Court of Punjab and Haryana & Ors
  2024 INSC 19213 February 2024Dismissed

  The issue for consideration was a challenge to a decision of the High Court of Punjab & Haryana directing the State of Haryana to take positive action to accept its recommendation vide communication dated 23.02.2023,…

• Malik Mazhar Sultan v. U P Public Service
  2023 INSC 86026 September 2023Dismissed

  The State of Haryana sought a direction that it should be permitted to conduct the entire selection process of recruiting judicial officers through the Public Service Commission and the order dated 12.02.2009 should be…

• Social Jurist, A Civil Rights Group v. Government of NCT of Delhi & Ors
  DHC DLHC017428662023 2307033 July 2023
• Goa Public Service Commission v. Pankaj Rane & Ors.
  2022 INSC 3996 April 2022Dismissed
• State of Uttar Pradesh & Ors. v. Atul Kumar Dwivedi & Ors
  2022 INSC 247 January 2022Appeal(s) allowed
• Dr. Jaishri Laxmanrao Patil v. The Chief Minister & Ors.
  2021 INSC 2845 May 2021Disposed of
• Jagmohan Singh Dhillon Etc.Etc. v. Satwant Singh & Ors. Etc. Etc.
  2021 INSC 21526 March 2021Dismissed
• P. Mohanraj & Ors. v. M/S. Shah Brothers Ispat Pvt. Ltd.
  2021 INSC 1331 March 2021Disposed of
• High Court of Kerala v. Reshma A. & Others Etc.
  2021 INSC 1511 January 2021Appeal(s) allowed
• Dinesh Kumar Gupta and Others v. High Court of Judicature of Rajasthan Others
  2020 INSC 37629 April 2020Disposed of
• Dheeraj Mor v. Hon’Ble High Court of Delhi
  2017 INSC 6419 February 2020Directions issued
• Hari Niwas Gupta v. State of Bihar and Another
  2019 INSC 12278 November 2019Dismissed
• Rajasthan High Court, Jodhpur & Anr. v. Neetu Harsh & Anr.
  2019 INSC 97829 August 2019Appeal(s) allowed
• V. Surendra Mohan v. State of Tamil Nadu & Ors.
  2019 INSC 7522 January 2019Dismissed
• Telangana Judges Association & Anr. v. Union of India & Ors.
  2018 INSC 9263 October 2018Leave Granted & Disposed off
• Ashok Kumar & Ors. v. The State of Jharkhand & Ors.
  2018 INSC 49511 May 2018Appeal(s) allowed
• The Gauhati High Court Through the Registrar General v. Goto Ete & Others
  2018 INSC 39223 April 2018Appeal(s) allowed
• P. D. Goel v. High Court of Himachal Pradesh Through Its Registrar General
  2017 INSC 7158 August 2017Appeal(s) allowed
• State of Himachal Pradesh and Others v. Satpal Saini
  2017 INSC 12608 February 2017Appeal(s) allowed
• State of U.P. and Ors. v. Z.U. Ansari
  2016 INSC 93430 September 2016Matter referred to larger bench
• Govt. of Bihar and Ors. Etc. Etc. v. Dayanand Singh Etc. Etc.
  2016 INSC 93129 September 2016Disposed of
• M/S. Hcl Lnfosystem Ltd. v. Central Bureau of Investigation
  2016 INSC 5859 August 2016Dismissed
• Supreme Court Advocates-On-Record Association and Another v. Union of India
  2015 INSC 28516 October 2015
• Salam Samarjeet Singh v. High Court of Manipur at Imphal.& Anr.
  [2016] 9 S.C.R. 7717 October 2015Directions issued
• Essar Teleholdings Ltd. v. Central Bureau of Investigation
  2015 INSC 70629 September 2015Dismissed
• Nawal Kishore Mishra & Ors. Etc. v. High Court of Judicature at Allahabad Through Its Registrar General & Ors. Etc.
  2015 INSC 12717 February 2015Dismissed
• Madras Bar Association v. Union of India and Another
  2014 INSC 68525 September 2014Disposed of
• Satya Pal Anand v. State of M.P. & Anr.
  2014 INSC 3656 May 2014Dismissed
• Selvi J. Jayalalithaa & Ors. v. State of Karnataka & Ors.
  2013 INSC 66330 September 2013Disposed of
• Essar Teleholdings Ltd. v. Registrar General, Delhi High Court & Ors
  2013 INSC 3741 July 2013Dismissed
• Debabrata Dash and Anr. v. Jatindra Prasad Das & Ors.
  2013 INSC 14311 March 2013Appeal(s) allowed
• Smt. K. Vijaya Lakshmi v. Govt. of Andhra Pradesh Represented by Its Secretary Home (Courts C1) Department and Anr.
  2013 INSC 10718 February 2013Disposed of
• Deepak Aggarwal v. Keshav Kaushik and Others
  2013 INSC 4421 January 2013Appeal(s) allowed
• State of Gujarat and Anr. v. Gujarat Revenue Tribunal Bar Association and Anr.
  2012 INSC 47616 October 2012Dismissed
• Jamaluddin v. State of Jammu & Kashmir and Ors.
  2011 INSC 72529 September 2011Dismissed
• Rajendra Singh Verma (Dead) Through Lrs v. Lt. Governor of NCT of Delhi & Anr.
  2011 INSC 67412 September 2011Dismissed
• The Secretary, Sh. A. P. D.Jain Pathshala & Ors. v. Shivaji Bhagwat More & Ors.
  2011 INSC 4274 July 2011Appeal(s) allowed
• Ajit Kumar v. State of Jharkhand & Ors.
  2011 INSC 19810 March 2011Dismissed
• S.D. Joshi & Ors. v. High Court of Judicature at Bombay & Ors.
  2010 INSC 76911 November 2010Dismissed
• State of Kera La v. B.Renjith Kumar & Ors.
  2008 INSC 7435 June 2008Dismissed
• Sanja Y Singh & Anr . v. U.P. Public Service Commission Allahabad and Anr.
  2007 INSC 189 January 2007Partly allowed
• Parkash Singh Badal and Anr. v. State of Punjab and Ors.
  2006 INSC 9606 December 2006Dismissed
• K.H. Siraj v. High Court of Kerala and Anr.
  2006 INSC 35223 May 2006Dismissed
• Anil Kumar Vitthal Shete and Ors. v. State of Maharashtra and Anr.
  2006 INSC 26228 April 2006Disposed of
• Malik Mazhar Sult An and Anr. v. U.P. Public Service Commission and Ors.
  2006 INSC 1933 April 2006Appeal(s) allowed
• M.T. Khan and Ors. v. Government of Andhra Pradesh and Ors.
  2004 INSC 105 January 2004Dismissed
• U.P. Public Services Commission v. Subhash Chandra Dixit and Ors.
  2003 INSC 6065 November 2003Appeal(s) allowed
• Bimlesh Tanwar v. State of Haryana and Ors .
  2003 INSC 15510 March 2003Dismissed
• High Court of Gujarat and Anr. v. Gujarat Kishan Mazdoor Panchayat and Ors.
  2003 INSC 15710 March 2003Appeal(s) allowed
• High Court of Judicature for Rajasthan v. P.P. Singh and Anr
  2003 INSC 3727 January 2003Appeal(s) allowed
• Brij Mohan Lal v. Union of India and Ors.
  2002 INSC 2616 May 2002Disposed of
• Sansar Chand Atri v. State of Punjab and Anr.
  2002 INSC 1772 April 2002Dismissed
• Gauhati High Court and Anr. v. Kuladhar Phukan and Anr.
  2002 INSC 17122 March 2002Disposed of
• Maharashtra State Judicial Service Association and Ors. v. High Court of Judicature at Bombay and Ors.
  2002 INSC 9220 February 2002Appeal(s) allowed
• Kerala Magistrates (Judicial) Association and Ors. v. State of Kerala and Ors.
  2001 INSC 1291 March 2001Dismissed
• A.C. Thalwal v. High Court of Himachal Pradesh and Ors.
  2000 INSC 40117 August 2000Dismissed
• State of Bihar and Anr. v. Bal Mukund Sah and Ors.
  2000 INSC 13714 March 2000Dismissed
• The Registrar (Admn.), High Court of Orissa, Cutt Ack v. Sisir Kanta Satapathy (Dead) by Lrs. and Anr. Etc
  1999 INSC 40616 September 1999Disposed of
• Raja T Baran Roy Etc. v. State of West Bengal and Ors.
  1999 INSC 17713 April 1999Appeal(s) allowed
• Madan Mohan Choudhary v. State of Bihar
  1999 INSC 6112 February 1999Appeal(s) allowed
• Surendra Narain Singh and Ors. v. State of Bihar and Ors.
  1998 INSC 19724 April 1998Dismissed
• The State of Maharashtra v. Labour Law Practitioners Association and Ors.
  1998 INSC 8111 February 1998Dismissed
• The Vice Chancellor, University of Allahabad and Ors. v. Dr. Anand Prakash Mishra and Ors.
  1996 INSC 149216 December 1996Appeal(s) allowed
• Sh. P.K. Sarin and Anr. Etc. Etc v. State of U.Pand Ors Etc.
  1994 INSC 61816 December 1994Dismissed
• All India Judges' Association and Ors. v. Union of India and Ors.
  1994 INSC 31712 August 1994Disposed of
• Kartar Singh v. State of Punjab
  1994 INSC 11211 March 1994Disposed of
• All India Judges, Association and Ors v. Union of India and Ors.
  1993 INSC 27224 August 1993Disposed of
• Kumar Padma Prasad v. Union of India and Ors.
  1992 INSC 6910 March 1992Allowed
• State of Jammu and Kashmir v. A. R. Zakki and Ors.
  1991 INSC 3246 December 1991Appeal(s) allowed
• All India Judges' Association v. Union of India
  1991 INSC 29013 November 1991Disposed of
• Ram Bhagat Singh and Anr. v. State of Haryana and Anr.
  1990 INSC 1204 April 1990Disposed of
• P. Mahendran v. State of Karnataka
  1989 INSC 3735 December 1989Appeal(s) allowed
• State of U.P., Etc. v. Rafiquddin & Ors. Etc.
  1987 INSC 3134 November 1987Directions issued
• Durgacharan Misra v. State of Orissa & Ors.
  1987 INSC 22827 August 1987Allowed
• Dev Singh & Ors. v. Registrar, Punjab & Haryana High Court & Ors.
  1987 INSC 11115 April 1987Dismissed
• Neelima Shangla Ph.D. Candidate v. State of Haryana & Ors.
  1986 INSC 19217 September 1986Allowed
• Indravadan Shah v. State of Gujarat & Anr.
  1986 INSC 4719 March 1986Appeal(s) allowed
• Prakash Chandra Agarwal v. State of Bihar and Ors.
  1985 INSC 18626 August 1985Appeal(s) allowed
• Umesh Chandra Shukla Etc. Etc. v. Union of India & Ors.
  1985 INSC 1672 August 1985Allowed
• S.P. Gupta & Ors. Etc. Etc. v. Union of India & Ors. Etc. Etc.
  1981 INSC 20928 December 1981Dismissed
• Gian Singh Mann v. The High Court of Punjab and Haryana and Anr.
  1980 INSC 16122 August 1980Dismissed
• State of Kerala v. M.K. Krishnan Nair & Ors.
  1978 INSC 2714 February 1978Appeal(s) allowed
• Baldev Raj Guliani & Others v. The Punjab & Haryana High Court & Others
  1976 INSC 20330 August 1976Dismissed
• Joginder Nath and Ors. v. Union of India and Ors.
  1974 INSC 22031 October 1974Dismissed
• Shamsher Singh & Anr v. State of Punjab
  1974 INSC 15423 August 1974Disposed of
• C. P. Damodaran Nayar and P. S. Menon v. State of Kerala and Others
  1973 INSC 25220 December 1973Partly allowed
• Chandra Mohan v. State of Utiar Pradesh & Ors.
  1966 INSC 1338 August 1966Appeal(s) allowed