Constitution of India · Part IV: Directive Principles of State Policy

Article 41: Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases

Official text

Source: India Code (Legislative Department), the official text of the Constitution of India. As amended up to the Constitution (One Hundred and Sixth Amendment) Act, 2023. Text as on 10 September 2026. Words in square brackets [ ] were inserted or substituted by later amending Acts, and *** marks words omitted by an amendment. The amendment footnotes are not reproduced here. Official text on India Code.

Supreme Court judgments citing the article 41

• Reena Banerjee and Another v. Government of NCT of Delhi and Others
  2025 INSC 110112 September 2025Directions issued

  The present case concerns the implementation of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 along with the prolonged institutionalisation. The lack of access to education, health, and community life for persons…

• M.S. Patter v. State of NCT of Delhi and Others
  2025 INSC 111512 September 2025Directions issued

  Reforms in Beggars’ Homes.

• Anjuman Ishaat-E-Taleem Trust v. The State of Maharashtra and Others
  2025 INSC 10631 September 2025Directions issued

  1) Whether the State can insist that a teacher seeking appointment in a minority educational institution must qualify the Teacher Eligibility Test (TET); If so, whether providing such a qualification would affect any of…

• Kabir Paharia v. National Medical Commission and Others
  2025 INSC 6232 May 2025Appeal(s) allowed

  Whether the denial of admission to the appellant in the MBBS UG course under Scheduled Castes PwBD quota was grossly illegal, arbitrary and violative of the appellant’s fundamental rights as guaranteed u/Arts.14 and 16…

• Pragya Prasun & Ors. v. Union of India & Ors.
  2025 INSC 59930 April 2025Disposed of

  1. Whether the present digital KYC / e-KYC / video-KYC framework is inaccessible to persons with disabilities? 2. Whether the regulatory authorities (RBI, SEBI, TRAI, PFRDA, IRDAI, DoT) have failed to ensure reasonable…

• The Chief Executive Officer & Others v. S. Lalitha & Others
  2025 INSC 56524 April 2025Disposed of

  Matter pertains to the maintainability of the time-barred application of the employee before the tribunal, filed after rejection of a belated representation in service dispute.

• IN RE: RECRUITMENT OF VISUALLY IMPAIRED IN JUDICIAL SERVICES versus
  2025 INSC 3002 March 2025Disposed of

  Whether visually impaired candidates can be said to be ‘not suitable’ for judicial service; Whether the amendment made in Rule 6A of Madhya Pradesh Judicial Services (Recruitment and Conditions of Service) Rules, 1994…

• The State of Chattisgarh v. Ashok Bhoi Etc.
  2025 INSC 25627 February 2025Dismissed

  Whether the High Court was justified in allowing the criminal appeal preferred by accused-respondent and dismissing acquittal appeal preferred by the State, thereby acquitting both the accused persons.

• Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation v. Mahadeo Krishna Naik
  2025 INSC 21813 February 2025Disposed of

  Whether the appellant-Corporation is guilty of suggestio falsi by not disclosing what it had pleaded before the MACT and suppresio veri by suppressing the award; whether the High Court was justified in exercising review…

• Urmila Dixit v. Sunil Sharan Dixit and Ors.
  2025 INSC 201 January 2025Appeal(s) allowed

  Whether the High Court was correct in setting aside the order of the Tribunal granting benefit of Section 23 of the Maintenance and Welfare of the Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007, to the Appellant-mother.

• Hira Lal Bhat v. Chairman and Managing Director Bsnl and Ors
  DHC DLHC010346192019 24121818 December 2024
• Anjum Kadari & Anr. v. Union of India & Ors.
  2024 INSC 8315 November 2024Disposed of

  Issue arose as to correctness of the order passed by the High Court holding the Uttar Pradesh Board of Madarsa Education Act, 2004 to be unconstitutional on the ground that it violates the principle of secularism and…

• involved and in I.R. Coelho v. State of T.N. [(1999) 7
  2024 INSC 8355 November 2024Reference answered

  (1) Whether Article 31C (as upheld in Kesavananda Bharati case) survives in the Constitution after amendment to the provision by the forty-second amendment was struck down by the Supreme Court in Minerva Mills case; and…

• Om Rathod v. The Director General of Health Services & Ors.
  2024 INSC 83625 October 2024Appeal(s) allowed

  Appellant had lower limb myopathy, a locomotor disability. He secured an all India PwD rank of 84 and a State PwD rank of 4 in NEET UG Examination 2024. However, was held ineligible to pursue MBBS course by the…

• Commissioner of Police and Anr v. Ravina Yadav and Anr
  DHC DLHC010394122024 24072222 July 2024
• Manoj Kumar Agarwal v. Union of India & Ors
  DHC DLHC010311212024 24053030 May 2024
• M/S R. K. Food Products v. Union of India & Ors
  DHC DLHC010156622024 24053030 May 2024
• Mohammad Mukhtar v. Union Oif India & Ors
  DHC DLHC010193772024 24053030 May 2024
• Smt. Smita S. Kushwaha v. Union of India & Ors
  DHC DLHC010311022024 24053030 May 2024
• Smt.Deepa Kushwaha v. Union of India & Ors
  DHC DLHC010311232024 24053030 May 2024
• Neelam Agarwal v. Union of India & Ors
  DHC DLHC010227282024 24053030 May 2024
• Ved Prakash Mishra v. Union of India & Ors
  DHC DLHC010274762024 24053030 May 2024
• Mamta Khdotiya v. Union of India & Ors
  DHC DLHC010255032024 24053030 May 2024
• Madan Petha Store v. Union of India & Ors
  DHC DLHC010230602024 24053030 May 2024
• Ram Kumar Agarwal v. Union of India & Ors
  DHC DLHC010101262024 24053030 May 2024
• Parvat Singh Yadav v. Union of India & Ors
  DHC DLHC010111592024 24053030 May 2024
• Jamia Millia Islamia v. Shabbir Hussain
  DHC DLHC010690072005 24011515 January 2024
• M/S Mass Computers Private Limited v. Mr. Arvind Kumar Tiwari
  DHC DLHC011440012018 24011212 January 2024
• Ram Milan v. Govt. of National Capital & Anr
  DHC DLHC010208942014 23121515 December 2023
• Kendriya Vidyalaya Through the Principal & Anr v. Aryan Kumar Through Father Ravinder Kumar & Anr
  DHC DLHC010521492023 23121313 December 2023
• Reliance General Insurance Co Ltd v. Poonam Rana & Ors
  DHC DLHC015858612015 23112323 November 2023
• Supriyo @ Supriya Chakraborty & Anr. v. Union
  2023 INSC 92017 October 2023Disposed of
• Union of India & Ors v. Smt. Kamla Devi
  2023:DHC:377729 May 2023
• Ram Lallan v. Management Shankar Tin Ind
  DHC DLHC010647892005 23080327 April 2023
• The Esi Corporation v. M/S. Radhika Theatre
  2023 INSC 6020 January 2023Appeal(s) allowed
• Janhit Abhiyan v. Union of India
  2022 INSC 11757 November 2022Disposed of
• Aishat Shifa v. The State of Karnataka & Ors
  2022 INSC 108513 October 2022Matter placed before CJI.
• Board of Control for Cricket in India v. Regional Director Employees’ State Insurance Corporation and Anr
  2022 INSC 84818 August 2022Disposed of
• Jacob Puliyel v. Union of India & Ors.
  2022 INSC 5032 May 2022Disposed of
• Jigya Yadav (Minor) (Through Guardian/Father Hari Singh) v. C.B.S.E. (Central Board of Secondary Education) & Ors
  2021 INSC 3033 June 2021Directions issued
• Praneeth K. and Ors. v. University Grants Commission (Ugc) and Ors.
  2020 INSC 51928 August 2020Disposed of
• Dr. Tanvi Behl v. Shrey Goel & Ors.
  2019 INSC 13429 December 2019Matter referred to larger bench
• State of Bihar & Ors. v. The Bihar Secondary Teachers Struggle Committee, Munger & Ors.
  2019 INSC 68010 May 2019Appeal(s) allowed
• Sunita & Ors. v. Rajasthan State Road Transport Corporation & Anr.
  2019 INSC 20014 February 2019Appeal(s) allowed
• Dr. Ashwani Kumar v. Union of India & Ors.
  2018 INSC 120113 December 2018Directions issued
• The Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Registrar v. Sangam Laxmi Bai Vidyapeet & Ors.
  2018 INSC 101129 October 2018Appeal(s) allowed
• Justice K. S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) v. Union of India & Ors.
  2018 INSC 88026 September 2018Disposed of
• Navtej Singh Johar & Ors. v. Union of India Thr. Secretary Ministry of Law and Justice
  2018 INSC 7906 September 2018Disposed of
• Rajdeep Ghosh v. State of Assam & Ors.
  2018 INSC 71817 August 2018Dismissed
• Mangla Ram v. The Oriental Insurance Co. Ltd. & Ors.
  2018 INSC 3116 April 2018Appeal(s) allowed
• National Campaign Committee for Central Legislation on Construction Labour (Ncc-Cl) v. Union of India and Ors.
  2018 INSC 24419 March 2018Directions issued
• Rajive Raturi v. Union of India and Ors.
  2017 INSC 124315 December 2017Disposed of
• Arjun Gopal and Ors. v. Union of India and Ors.
  2017 INSC 89712 September 2017Disposed of
• Vikas Sankhala & Ors. Etc. v. Vikas Kumar Agarwal & Ors. Etc.
  2016 INSC 97018 October 2016Disposed of
• Modern Dental College and Research Centre & Ors. v. State of Madhya Pradesh & Ors.
  2016 INSC 2672 May 2016Dismissed
• State of U.P. & Ors. v. Pawan Kumar Divedi & Ors,
  2014 INSC 5802 September 2014Dismissed
• The Bangalore Turf Club Ltd. v. Regional Director, Employees State Insurance Corporation
  2014 INSC 98631 July 2014Disposed of
• Justice Sunanda Bhandare Foundation v. U.0.1. & Anr.
  2014 INSC 20926 March 2014Disposed of
• Occupational Health and Safety Association v. Union of India and Others
  2014 INSC 7231 January 2014Disposed of
• Tapash Kumar Paul v. Bsnl & Anr.
  2014 INSC 5928 January 2014Appeal(s) allowed
• Deepali Gundu Surwase v. Kranti Junior Adhyapak Mahavidyalaya (D.Ed.) and Others
  2013 INSC 52912 August 2013Appeal(s) allowed
• S. Subramaniam Balaji v. The Government of Tamil Nadu & Ors.
  2013 INSC 4445 July 2013Dismissed
• Maharshi Mahesh Yogi Vedic Vishwavidyalaya v. State of M.P. & Ors.
  2013 INSC 4283 July 2013Appeal(s) allowed
• Sambhavana v. University of Delhi
  2013 INSC 36429 May 2013Disposed of
• Court on Its Own Motion v. Union of India & Ors.
  2012 INSC 59313 December 2012Disposed of
• Bhartiya Seva Samaj Trust Tr. Pres. & Anr. v. Yogeshbhai Ambalal Patel & Anr.
  2012 INSC 39914 September 2012Dismissed
• Society for Un-Aided P.School of Rajasthan v. U.O.I. & Anr.
  2012 INSC 16912 April 2012Disposed of
• Adarsh Shiksha Mahavidyalaya and Others v. Subhash Rahangdale and Others
  2012 INSC 76 January 2012Dismissed
• National Council for Teacher Education and Others v. Shri Shyam Shiksha Prashikshan Sansthan and Others Etc. Etc.
  2011 INSC 8631 January 2011Disposed of
• A. Manjula Bhashini & Others v. The Managing Director, Ap. Womens Cooperative Finance Corporation Ltd. and Another,
  2009 INSC 8656 July 2009Disposed of
• Meerut Development Authority v. Association of Management Studies & Anr.
  2009 INSC 55717 April 2009Disposed of
• General Manager, North West Railway & Ors. v. Chanda Devi
  2007 INSC 127612 December 2007Appeal(s) allowed
• National Council for Civil Liberties v. Union of India and Ors.
  2007 INSC 74110 July 2007Dismissed
• Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Ltd. v. Workman, Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
  2006 INSC 85916 November 2006Appeal(s) allowed
• Rameshwar Prasad and Ors. v. Union of India and Anr.
  2006 INSC 4224 January 2006Disposed of
• Govt. of A.P. and Anr. v. J.B. Educational Society and Anr. Etc.
  2005 INSC 9923 February 2005Appeal(s) allowed
• Saurabh Chaudri and Ors. v. Union of India and Ors.
  2003 INSC 5974 November 2003Disposed of
• Islamic Academy of Education and Another v. State of Karnataka and Others
  2003 INSC 39114 August 2003Matter referred to larger bench
• Koluthara Exports Ltd. v. St Ate of Kerala and Ors.
  2002 INSC 591 February 2002Appeal(s) allowed
• The Chandigarh Administration and Ors. v. Mrs. Rajni V Ali and Ors.
  2000 INSC 1412 January 2000Dismissed
• State of Punjab and Ors. v. Ram Lubhaya Bagga
  1998 INSC 11426 February 1998Disposed of
• M.C. Mehta v. State Of.Tamil Nadu
  1996 INSC 145410 December 1996Disposed of
• Air India Statutory Corporation v. United Labour Union and Ors.
  1996 INSC 14426 December 1996Appeals dismissed.
• State of Maharashtra v. Manubhai Pragaji Vashi and Ors.
  1995 INSC 46316 August 1995Dismissed
• LIC of India and Anr. v. Consumer Education and Research Centre and Ors. Etc.
  1995 INSC 36710 May 1995Dismissed
• State of Himachal Pradesh v. H.P. State Recognised and Aided Schools Managing Committees and Ors.
  1995 INSC 35910 May 1995Dismissed
• Consumer Education and Research Centre and Ors. v. Union of India and Ors.
  1995 INSC 7627 January 1995Allowed
• The Papnasam Labour Union v. Madura Coats Ltd. and Anr.
  1994 INSC 5858 December 1994Appeal(s) allowed
• Unni Krishnan, J.P. and Ors. Etc. Irrc v. State of Andhra Pradesh and Ors. Etc. Etc.
  1993 INSC 404 February 1993Disposed of
• Miss Mohini Jain v. State of Karnataka and Ors.
  1992 INSC 18630 July 1992Partly allowed
• Regional Director, E.S.I. Corpn. and Anr. v. Francis De Costa and Anr.
  1992 INSC 1485 May 1992Matter referred to larger bench
• All India Reserve Bank Retired Officers Association and Ors. v. Union of India and Anr.
  1991 INSC 33310 December 1991Dismissed
• Jacob M. Puthuparambil and Ors. Etc. Etc. v. Kerala Water Authority and Ors. Etc. Etc.
  1990 INSC 29219 September 1990Appeal(s) allowed
• Ashoka Marketing Ltd. and Anr. Etc. Etc. v. Punjab National Bank and Ors. Etc. Etc.
  1990 INSC 2237 August 1990Dismissed
• D.V. Kapoor v. Union of India and Ors.
  1990 INSC 2257 August 1990Appeal(s) allowed
• State of Kerala and Ors. v. K.G. Madhavan Pillai and Ors.
  1988 INSC 29119 September 1988Dismissed
• Christian Medical College Hospital Employees' Union & Anr. v. Christian Medical College Vellore Association & Ors.
  1987 INSC 28820 October 1987Appeal(s) allowed
• Reserve Bank of India v. Peerless General Finance & Investment Co. Ltd. Ors. and Vice Versa
  1987 INSC 2022 January 1987Dismissed
• Inder Pal Yadav and Ors. Etc. v. Union of India and Ors Etc.
  1985 INSC 9618 April 1985Dismissed
• Gasket Radiators Pvt. Ltd v. Employees State Insurance Corpn. & Anr.
  1985 INSC 4128 February 1985Dismissed