Indian Contract Act, 1872 · Chapter X: Agency · Ratification
Section 198: Knowledge requisite for valid ratification
No valid ratification can be made by a person whose knowledge of the facts of the case is materially defective.
Source: India Code (indiacode.gov.in), the consolidated text published by the Legislative Department, Government of India. Text as updated on India Code on 15 October 2026. Words in square brackets [ ] were inserted or substituted by later amending Acts, and *** marks words omitted by an amendment. The amendment footnotes are not reproduced here. Official text on India Code.