Indian Penal Code, 1860 · Chapter VA: Criminalconspiracy
Section 120B: Punishment of criminal conspiracy
The Indian Penal Code, 1860 was repealed and replaced by the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 from 1 July 2024. It still applies to offences and proceedings from before that date.
(1) Whoever is a party to a criminal conspiracy to commit an offence punishable with death, [imprisonment for life] or rigorous imprisonment for a term of two years or upwards, shall, where no express provision is made in this Code for the punishment of such a conspiracy, be punished in the same manner as if he had abetted such offence.
(2) Whoever is a party to a criminal conspiracy other than a criminal conspiracy to commit an offence punishable as aforesaid shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term not exceeding six months, or with fine or with both.]
Corresponding sections were matched by comparing the wording of both official texts, and for the IPC and BNS, also against a published correspondence table. Wording, punishments and structure often changed, so read both sections before relying on the match.
Source: India Code (Legislative Department), the text of the Act as it stood before its repeal. Words in square brackets [ ] were inserted or substituted by later amending Acts, and *** marks words omitted by an amendment. The amendment footnotes are not reproduced here.
Supreme Court judgments citing the section 120B
-
Ravi Prakash Srivastava & Ors. v. State of Uttar Pradesh & Ors.
Challenge to the judgment of the High Court whereby it disposed of the writ petition without granting any substantive relief as prayed for by the petitioners-allottees in a Group Housing Project stalled for nearly two…
-
State of Chhattisgarh v. Amit Aishwarya Jogi
Whether the three-Judge Bench judgment in the case of Lalu Prasad Yadav and Anr. v. State of Bihar and Anr. lays down the correct proposition of law, or whether the same requires reference to, and resolution by a larger…
-
Sadiq B. Hanchinmani v. The State of Karnataka & Ors.
Issue arose whether the direction for investigation to the police issued by the JMFC-Judicial Magistrate First Class u/s.156(3) CrPC which was quashed by the impugned orders, justified; and whether the JMFC had…
-
State of Rajasthan v. Parmeshwar Ramlal Joshi and Others
Issue arose whether the High Court was justified in reviewing its earlier orders while exercising jurisdiction u/s.528 BNSS [s.482 CrPC]
-
Nazim & Ors. v. The State of Uttarakhand
Whether the prosecution has succeeded in establishing, beyond a reasonable doubt, a complete chain of circumstances leading only to the conclusion of guilt of the Appellants, or whether the circumstances leave room for…
-
Mamman Khan v. State of Haryana
Issue arose whether the orders of the trial court, as affirmed by the High Court, directing segregation of the appellant’s trial from that of the co-accused and requiring the filing of a separate charge sheet solely on…
-
Akhtar Ali @ Ali Akhtar @ Shamim @ Raja Ustad v. State of Uttarakhand
Whether the conviction of the appellants, as recorded by the trial Court and affirmed by the High Court, deserves to be upheld or whether they are entitled to acquittal.
-
Vinod Kumar Pandey & Anr. v. Seesh Ram Saini & Ors.
Issue arose as regards the correctness of the order passed by the High Court holding that prima facie cognizable offences are made out for investigation against the appellant-officers of the CBI, and directing the Delhi…
-
Phireram v. State of Uttar Pradesh & Anr.
Whether the High Court erred in passing the impugned order, by which it disposed of the application filed by the appellant-complainant seeking cancellation of bail of the accused persons on the ground of threats being…
-
Devendra Kumar v. The State (Nct of Delhi) & Anr.
High Court affirmed the order passed by the CMM directing registration of the FIR against the petitioner for offences punishable u/ss.186 and 341, Penal Code, 1860. Whether the CMM erred in involving the police in a…
-
Union of India v. Saleem Khan
Whether the High Court was justified in granting bail to accused no.11 and rejecting the same of accused no.20.
-
State of Karnataka v. Sri Darshan Etc.
Whether the order of the High Court granting bail to the respondents-accused persons in a case involving serious charges u/ss.302, 120B, and 34 IPC is perverse and legally unsustainable, warranting cancellation of bail.
-
Gurdeep Singh v. The State of Punjab
Issue arose whether the order of conviction and sentence of the appellant for the offences u/ss.307, 353, 332, 225, 186, and 120B IPC and s.25 of the Arms Act, 1959 by the courts below was legally sustainable.
-
Jamnalal v. State of Rajasthan and Another
In the instant appeal, the father of the prosecutrix challenges the order of the High Court. By the said order, the sentence imposed on respondent no.2 herein was suspended till the final disposal of the appeal. Whether…
-
The State of Andhra Pradesh v. N. Sanjay
Whether the High Court erred in granting anticipatory bail to the respondent.
-
S.N. Vijaylakshmi & Ors. v. State of Karnataka & Anr.
Whether any criminal offence in the background of the factual position is made out to justify criminal proceedings against the appellants and whether the same should proceed; whether on the same cause of action, based…
-
Anurag Bhatnagar & Anr. v. State (NCT of Delhi) & Anr.
(i) Whether the High Court in exercise of its power u/s.482 of CrPC or under Art.226/227 of the Constitution is justified in refusing to quash the FIR No.380/2005, u/ss.420, 120-B and 34 of the IPC and the order dated…
-
Esakkimuthu v. State Represented by the Inspector of Police
Whether the courts below erred in convicting the appellants and sentencing them to life imprisonment for the murder of the deceased relying upon the testimonies of PW-1 and PW-2, who were interested witnesses being the…
-
Victim ‘X’ v. State of Bihar and Anr.
Allegations of torture and sexual exploitation against the respondent no.2-accused. She was granted bail by the High Court. Whether the grant of bail to the respondent no.2-accused has resulted into travesty of justice.
-
M Sambasiva Rao v. The State of Andhra Pradesh
Whether the High Court erred in convicting the appellant-accused no.1 u/s.120B, IPC and ss.7, 13(2) r/w s.13(1)(d), Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 by reversing the finding of acquittal of the Trial Court.
-
G. Mohandas v. State of Kerala & Ors.
Matter pertains to the correctness of the order passed by the High Court refusing to quash FIR against the appellants-officials of the Municipal Corporation and the builder u/s.13(1)(d) r/w s.13(2) of the Prevention of…
-
Asian Paints Limited v. Ram Babu & Another
Whether the appellant-company falls under the definition of ‘victim’ in terms of s.2(wa) r/w the proviso to s.372, CrPC or whether s.378, CrPC would prevail in the facts and circumstances; whether an appeal under the…
-
State by Deputy Superintendent of Police v. B.T. Ramesh & Anr.
Issue arose whether the High Court was justified in quashing the criminal proceedings, on the grounds of the chargesheet having been filed more than four years after the date of the alleged incident and lack of…
-
Kum. Shubha @ Shubhashankar v. State of Karnataka & Anr.
Whether in the facts and circumstances of the case, the conviction of the appellants by the High Court u/s.302 read with s.120-B, IPC and additionally, s.201, IPC for A-4 alone, is justified.
-
Rahil & Anr. v. State (Govt. of N.C.T. of Delhi)
Whether the High Court erred in reversing the acquittal passed by the trial court and convicting the appellants for offence u/s.302, Penal Code, 1860 and sentencing them to life imprisonment.
-
Vinod Bihari Lal v. State of Uttar Pradesh & Anr.
Issue arose whether the High Court was justified in rejecting the applications filed u/s.482 Cr.PC by appellant for quashing the proceedings arising out of FIR u/s.2 and 3 of U.P. Gangsters & Anti-Social Activities…
-
Kasireddy Upender Reddy v. State of Andhra Pradesh and Ors.
Whether the arrest of the appellant’s son was per se illegal for want of supply of appropriate and meaningful grounds of arrest, as alleged.
-
Visakhapatnam v. Eluri Srinivasa Chakravarthi and Others
Whether the two letters could have been looked at or relied upon by the Special Court for exercising its jurisdiction u/s.239, Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.
-
Ramji Prasad Jaiswal @ Ramjee Prasad Jaiswal and Ors. v. State of Bihar
Whether in the facts of the case there was a breach of s.313, CrPC causing prejudice to the appellants and vitiating the trial against them.
-
Ravinder Singh Sidhu v. The State of Punjab & Ors.
Whether multiple FIRs registered across different States can be clubbed and consolidated in one jurisdiction, or at least within one district per State, under the Court’s power u/Arts.32 and 142 of the Constitution.
-
Harpreet Singh Talwar @ Kabir Talwar v. The State of Gujarat Th. National Investigating Agency
Whether in the facts and circumstances of the case, the Appellant is entitled for regular bail.
-
NDA Securities Ltd. v. State (NCT of Delhi) & Anr.
Whether the High Court was justified in allowing the petition u/s.482 of the CrPC filed by respondent no.2 (through its Director); thereby directing the release of Rs. 15.90 lakhs being withheld by the Bombay Stock…
-
Renuka Prasad v. The State Represented by Assistant Superintendent of Police
Whether the High Court erred in reversing the acquittal and convicting the accused persons based on the testimony of the IOs which was founded only on s.161, CrPC statements of the witnesses; whether present was a case…
-
P. Nallammal v. State By The Inspector of Police, Vigilance and
Matter pertains to appeal challenging the conviction and sentence of the appellant u/s.109 IPC r/w ss.13(1)(e) and 13(2) of PC Act; appeal challenging the attachment Order as modified by the High Court; and the appeal…
-
Mohammed Asarudeen v. Union of India & Ors.
Whether the Special Court while dealing with an application under sub-section 2 of s.44 of Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 made in respect of a large number of witnesses, recorded the satifaction which is…
-
Punit Beriwala v. The State of NCT of Delhi and Ors.
Whether the High Court was justified in quashing the subject FIR against Respondent Nos.2 and 3 and whether a cognizable offence against them is prima facie made out from a reading of the subject complaint.
-
Ramachandraiah & Anr. v. M. Manjula & Ors.
Whether in the facts and circumstances of the case, the High Court was justified in directing for investigation by the CBI.
-
Aejaz Ahmad Sheikh v. State of Uttar Pradesh & Anr.
Issue arose as regards the correctness of the order passed by the High Court by which the accused was acquitted of the offence punishable u/s.302 IPC.
-
Central Bureau of Investigation v. Ramesh Chander Diwan
Whether the High Court was right in holding that sanction under Section 197, Cr.PC not having been obtained, the respondent should be discharged for the offences registered under Sections 120B and 420 of the IPC against…
-
Suresh Kumar Agarwal v. M/s Haldia Steels Limited & Anr.
Whether the High Court erred in directing further investigation into the highly belated complaint filed by the complainant-Company after unexplained delay of six years by twisting and manipulating the facts to give a…
-
Biswajyoti Chatterjee v. State of West Bengal & Anr.
Whether the allegations against the appellant, as they stand, constitute an offence, u/ss.376(2)(f), 417 and 506 IPC; and whether the case of the appellant is fit for discharge u/s.227 CrPC, 1973.
-
State of West Bengal v. Baishakhi Bhattacharyya (Chatterjee) and Others
The issues before the Hon’ble Supreme Court were: I. Whether the recruitment process conducted by West Bengal School Service Commission in 2016 for appointment of Assistant Teachers (Classes IX–X and XI–XII) and…
-
State (NCT) of Delhi v. Rajeev Sharma
Issue arose whether the term imprisonment for a term “not less than 10 years” in clause (i) of the proviso (a) to s.167(2) Cr.P.C would include an offence where the punishment of 14 years of imprisonment is prescribed,…
-
Vinay Aggarwal v. The State of Haryana and Ors.
In the instant case, the Single Judge of the High Court directed that the investigation be handed over to CBI. Whether the order of the Single Judge of the High Court is sustainable.
-
Pradeep Nirankarnath Sharma v. Directorate of Enforcement & Anr.
The High Court dismissed the appellant’s criminal revision application and refused to the quash the order of the Trial Court rejecting the appellant’s discharge application in a case for offences under the Prevention of…
-
C. Kamalakkannan v. State of Tamil Nadu Rep. by Inspector of Police C.B.C.I.D., Chennai
Whether a handwriting expert’s testimony has to be corroborated; whether in the absence of primary evidence, i.e. the original postal cover, a copy of the document is admissible.
-
Sudershan Singh Wazir v. State (NCT of Delhi) & Ors.
Issue arose as regards the correctness of orders passed by the High Court staying the discharge of the accused and directing him to surrender before the trial court.
-
Kanishk Sinha & Another v. The State of West Bengal & Another
Whether the High Court was justified in holding that the direction issued in Priyanka Srivastava v. State of Uttar Pradesh [2015] 4 SCR 108 that a complaint will be accompanied by an affidavit is prospective in nature…
-
Suneeti Toteja v. State of U.P. & Another
Whether, in light of the facts and circumstances of this case and the position of law apropos to the sanction for prosecution, the High Court ought to have exercised its powers u/s.482 of the CrPC to quash the…
-
Hiralal Babulal Soni v. The State of Maharashtra & Ors.
Issue arose as regards the sustainability of the conviction of the accused u/s.120B and 411 IPC, when the seized gold bars are not the same gold bars linked to the fraudulent transactions.
-
State of Rajasthan v. Surendra Singh Rathore
Issue arose as to whether the registration of the subsequent FIR is legally permissible and whether the High Court was correct in exercising its inherent powers in quashing the same.
-
Tapas Kumar Palit v. State of Chhattisgarh
Appellant in judicial custody for 5 years, no certainty as regards the time likely to take in conclusion of the trial. Whether the appellant is entitled to bail.
-
The Union of India Through the Assistant Director v. Kanhaiya Prasad
Issue arose as regards the correctness of the order passed by the High Court granting bail to the respondent without considering the rigours of s.45 of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002.
-
Jay Kishan and Ors. v. The State of Uttar Pradesh and Ors.
Whether the High Court was justified in dismissing the writ petition filed by the appellants for quashing the FIR under Sections 2 and 3 of the Uttar Pradesh Gangsters & Anti-Social Activities (Prevention) Act, 1986.…
-
Vihaan Kumar v. State of Haryana & Anr.
The main issue canvassed by the appellant in this appeal is the violation of the appellant’s right under Article 22(1) of the Constitution of India as the appellant was not informed of the grounds for his arrest.
-
Kuldeep Singh v. The State of Punjab & Ors.
The accused-appellant’s petition u/s.482 of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 seeking quashing of the FIR u/ss.366, 376 and 506 of Penal Code, 1860 was dismissed by the High Court.
-
Ajay Malik v. State of Uttarakhand & Anr.
(1) Whether the High Court acted well within the contours of its powers under Section 482 of the CrPC in rejecting Ajay Malik’s quashing petition; (2) Whether the High Court fell in error in rejecting the Compounding…
-
The State of Jharkhand & Others v. Vikash Tiwary @ Bikash Tiwary @ Bikash Nath
Whether the High Court was correct in quashing the order/ memo dated 17.05.2023 issued by the Inspector General of Prisons, Ranchi, Jharkhand, making intra-State transfer of the respondent herein from Lok Nayak Jai…
-
Kim Wansoo v. State of Uttar Pradesh & Ors.
Issue arose as regards invocation of extraordinary power u/Art. 226 of the Constitution to quash criminal proceedings.
-
Anil Bhavarlal Jain & Anr. v. The State of Maharashtra & Ors.
Whether criminal proceedings can be quashed on the basis of a settlement arrived at between the parties on the consent terms drawn and submitted before the Debt Recovery Tribunal.
-
State of Maharashtra & Ors. v. Pradeep Yashwant Kokade & Anr.
Effect of delay in executing the death sentence.
-
Gurmeet Kaur v. Devender Gupta & Another
Issue arose whether the appellant while discharging her duty as a public servant on the relevant date, there was any excess in the discharge of the said duty which did not require the first respondent to take a prior…
-
Randeep Singh @ Rana & Anr. v. State of Haryana & Ors.
Issue arose as regards conviction and sentence of the appellants u/ss.364, 302, 120-B and 201 IPC for abduction and brutal murder of the victim, if justified.
-
HDFC Bank Ltd. v. The State of Bihar & Ors.
What is the nature of enquiry while determining quashing of a First Information Report u/s.482 Cr.P.C., against a Bank and its Officials.
-
Uma & Anr. v. The State Rep. by the Deputy Superintendent of Police
Whether the High Court was able to demonstrate perversity and non-appreciation of the materials on record by the Trial Court while reversing its finding of acquittal.
-
K. Bharthi Devi and Anr. v. State of Telangana and Anr.
Despite the dispute involved having predominantly overtures of a civil dispute and the matter having been compromised between the parties, whether the High Court was justified in dismissing the quashing petition filed…
-
Rama Devi v. The State of Bihar and Others
Whether the High Court was justified in reversing the judgment of the trial court and acquitting the respondents of the charges punishable under Sections 302, 307, 333, 355 and 379, all read with Section 34 of the Penal…
-
Tarina Sen v. Union of India & Anr.
Issue arose as to whether the continuation of the criminal proceedings against the appellants would be justified, when the matter has been compromised between the borrower and Bank.
-
V. Senthil Balaji v. The Deputy Director, Directorate of Enforcement
Matter pertains to grant of bail to former Tamil Nadu transport minister against whom complaint was filed for offence u/s.3 PMLA, which is punishable u/s.4 PMLA for his alleged involvement in the job racket scam.
-
Vijay Singh @ Vijay Kr. Sharma v. The State of Bihar
Issue arose as regards sustainablility of the findings of the High Court holding the appellants guilty of commission of offences u/ss. 302/34 and 364/34 IPC; as also the approach of the High Court, if in line with the…
-
Fuleshwar Gope v. Union of India & Ors.
Issue arose as to whether the validity of the Sanction Order can be challenged at any stage; whether violation of s.45(2) of the UAPA r/w rr.3 and 4 of the 2008 Rules, if any, vitiates the proceedings, whether violation…
-
Santosh @ Rajesh @ Gopal v. State of Madhya Pradesh
Evidence provided by the prosecution, if sufficient to secure a conviction of the appellant for the murder of the victim.
-
Abhishek Banerjee & Anr. v. Directorate of Enforcement
Matter pertains to seeking quashing of the summons issued to the appellants by the Enforcement Directorate, seeking their personal appearance in New Delhi with the documents sought for, pertaining to the FIR registered…
-
Baccarose Perfumes and Beauty Products Pvt. Ltd v. Central Bureau of Investigation & Anr.
Whether the High Court was justified in dismissing the Revision Application against the rejection of the discharge application moved by the appellant-Company.
-
Prem Prakash v. Union of India Through
When a person is in judicial custody/custody in another case investigated by the same Investigating Agency, whether the statements recorded (in the present case, the statements dated 03.08.2023, 04.08.2023, 11.08.2023)…
-
Manik Madhukar Sarve & Ors. v. Vitthal Damuji Meher & Ors.
Respondent no.1 was released on bail by the High Court for offences punishable under Sections 409, 420, 467, 468, 471 and 120-B of the Penal Code, 1860 and Section 3 of the Maharashtra Protection of Interest of…
-
M/S Karnataka Emta Coal Mines Limited and Another v. Central Bureau of Investigation
The present appeals challenge the Order on Charge dated 24.12.2021 and Order framing Charges dated 03.03.2022 passed by the Special Judge (Prevention of Corruption Act) Central Bureau of Investigation registered…
-
Manish Sisodia v. Directorate of Enforcement
Appellant was incarcerated for around 17 months, trial yet to commence. Bail denied. Whether the trial court and the High Court correctly considered the observations made by this Court with regard to right to speedy…
-
Allarakha Habib Memon Etc. v. State of Gujarat
As per the FIR (Exhibit-79) there were two eyewitnesses to the incident, PW-12-Police Constable and PW-11-the first informant who was deceased’s cousin brother. PW-12 claiming to be an eyewitness to the incident had…
-
Basamsetti Rama Devi v. The State of A.P. & Ors.
In cases relating to quashing of criminal complaint against the accused police officers-respondents in matters of custodial death, whether the High Court was justified in setting aside the committal order and…
-
Union of India & Ors. Etc. v. Prohlad Guha Etc.
Respondent-employees were appointed on compassionate ground. The authority found that their appointments were based on forged/ fabricated and bogus documents and their services were terminated. The issue which arises…
-
Ram Prakash Chadha v. The State of Uttar Pradesh
In the chargesheet, appellant was accused for commission of offences u/ss. 302, 343, 217, 218, 330, 120B and 34, IPC. An application for discharge u/s. 227 of Cr.PC was rejected by the Trial Court. Whether the findings…
-
Gaurav Maini v. The State of Haryana
Courts below, if justified in convicting and sentencing the appellants for the offences punishable u/ss. 364A, 392 and 120B IPC.
-
Sardar Ravi Inder Singh & Anr. v. State of Jharkhand & Anr.
High Court whether erred in dismissing the writ petition filed by the appellants for quashing the complaint filed by the second respondent stating that the contentions raised were rejected in an earlier criminal…
-
Agency Chennai Branch v. Barakathullah etc.
The respondents-accused were arrested for the alleged offences under section 120(b), 153(A), 153(AA) of IPC and Section 13, 17, 18, 18(B), 38 and 39 of the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1957. The High Court…
-
National Investigation Agency New Delhi v. Owais Amin @ Cherry & Ors.
Applicability of Section 196-A of Code of Criminal Procedure SVT., 1989 vis-à-vis the provisions and mandate contained in the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.
-
Prabir Purkayastha v. State (NCT of Delhi)
Whether the arrest and subsequent remand of the accused-appellant was vitiated as the copy of the remand application was not provided to him or his counsel before passing of the order of remand thus, not informing him…
-
Sharif Ahmed and Another v. State of Uttar Pradesh and Another
Nature of chargesheets filed in some jurisdictions by the State/ Police, without stating sufficient details of the facts constituting the offense or putting the relevant evidence on record; significance of chargesheets…
-
The State of Odisha v. Nirjharini Patnaik @ Mohanty & Anr.
Chargesheet was filed against the Respondents in an FIR filed alleging a widespread conspiracy involving forgery of documents to facilitate the illegal transfer of valuable government land to private entities. SDJM,…
-
Aniruddha Khanwalkar v. Sharmila Das & Others
Whether it is sufficient to make out prima facie case on the basis of allegations for summoning of the accused.
-
Jadunath Singh v. Arving Kumar & Ors. Etc.
Criminal appeal filed by appellant Jadunath Singh against the Allahabad High Court’s decision to grant bail to Arvind Kumar, Chandra Kumar @ Chandu, and Rishi Kumar, who were convicted for life imprisonment under the…
-
The State of Arunachal Pradesh v. Kamal Agarwal & Ors. Etc.
Matter pertains to correctness of the order passed by the Rajasthan High Court quashing the FIR registered in Arunachal Pradesh.
-
The State of West Bengal v. Jayeeta Das
Whether the order dated 07.04.2022, whereby the Chief Judge cum City Sessions Court permitted the addition of the offences under Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 to the case suffer from any illegality or…
-
Ravishankar Tandon v. State of Chhattisgarh
In a case based on circumstantial evidence wherein the appellants-accused persons were convicted u/s.302 r/w s.34, ss.120B and 201, s.302 r/w ss.34 and 120B, IPC and sentenced to imprisonment for life, whether the…
-
Yash Tuteja & Anr. v. Union of India & Ors
The issue for consideration was a challenge to the Complaint filed by the Directorate of Enforcement under Section 44(1)(b) of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002, mainly on the ground that apart from s. 120B…
-
Vipin Sahni and Another v. Central Bureau of Investigation
Whether it is open for High Court to convert or treat a petition filed under section 482 Cr.P.C., as one filed under section 397 Cr.P.C.
-
Raj Reddy Kallem v. The State of Haryana & Anr.
Appellant was convicted u/s.138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881. Additionally, an FIR was also filed against the appellant u/ ss.406, 420, 120B, IPC. Parties agreed to compound the offence at the appellate stage…
-
Dablu Kujur v. The State of Jharkhand
The issue for consideration was the compliance of the requirements of a Police Report under Section 173(2) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.
-
Dr Sonia Verma & Anr. v. The State of Haryana & Anr.
The issue for consideration was a challenge to a decision of the High Court of Punjab & Haryana, refusing to quash the F.I.R. registered u/s. 506, 420, 34, 120-B and 467 of the Penal Code, 1860, against the…
-
In Re: T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of India & Ors.
The issues were : (i) Whether Tiger Safaris and Zoos are on the same footing; (ii) Whether establishment of a ‘Tiger Safari’ at Pakhrau in Corbett Tiger reserve was legal; (iii) Illegal construction in Corbett Tiger…